15
Flood Simulation Modelling
and Disaster Risk Reduction of West
Tripura District, Tripura, North-East
India
Moujuri Bhowmik and Nibedita Das (Pan)
Abstract
Flood is a common fluvial hazard in the plain
areas of West Tripura District during almost
every monsoon season, where the gradient is
very gentle (1:1461) and is drained by
numerous drainage systems. About 40 percent
area and 41 percent population of this district
are flood affected which also includes Agartala, the capital of Tripura. This hazard causes
tremendous loss in terms of property, standing
crops, roads and houses. The objective of this
study is to assess flood risk and disaster risk
reduction using flood simulation model for 50
and 100 years return period. A study of
46 years’ water level of the Haora River
indicates 11 m a.m.s.l as the highest water
level and 8 m a.m.s.l for the Lohar Nala. For
this modelling, contour at 1 m interval has
been generated on DEM which was downloaded from Bhuban Cartosat, the flood
inundation data have been entered in Animation Manager Table in ArcMap and the layer
thus generated has been overlaid on 3D map
of West Tripura District in ArcScene. From
this model, it has been estimated that during
50 and 100 years return period, the flood
inundation depth was found to be 1–4 and 1–
5 m, respectively; about 180 and 300 km
2 area
of this district, respectively, will be affected;
about 1,99,530 and 4,51,263 people will be
affected, respectively. It means flood can be
disastrous in the district when water level of
the Haora River and Lohar Nala will be equal
to or exceed 1.5–2 and 1–1.4 m above the
river bank, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the flood risk through proper
flood plain land use planning and changing
the cropping system.
Keywords
Flood simulation model Á Flood hazard Á
Haora river Á West tripura district
15.1 Introduction
Generally, after a spell of heavy rain (due to
depression) which may last for a period of several
hours to several days, a large volume of runoff is
generated in the upper catchment and the river
experiences floods (Kale 2003). Flood hazard is
the probability of occurrence of a potentially
damaging flood event of a certain magnitude
within a given time period and area (Brooks 2003).
Efficient flood protection measures require a good
M. Bhowmik (&) Á N. Das (Pan)
Department of Geography and Disaster
Management, Tripura University, Agartala, India
e-mail: moujurigeo14@gmail.com
N. Das (Pan)
e-mail: nibeditadaspan@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
B. W. Pandey and S. Anand (eds.), Water Science and Sustainability, Sustainable Development Goals Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57488-8_15
201
Flood Simulation Modelling
and Disaster Risk Reduction of West
Tripura District, Tripura, North-East
India
Moujuri Bhowmik and Nibedita Das (Pan)
Abstract
Flood is a common fluvial hazard in the plain
areas of West Tripura District during almost
every monsoon season, where the gradient is
very gentle (1:1461) and is drained by
numerous drainage systems. About 40 percent
area and 41 percent population of this district
are flood affected which also includes Agartala, the capital of Tripura. This hazard causes
tremendous loss in terms of property, standing
crops, roads and houses. The objective of this
study is to assess flood risk and disaster risk
reduction using flood simulation model for 50
and 100 years return period. A study of
46 years’ water level of the Haora River
indicates 11 m a.m.s.l as the highest water
level and 8 m a.m.s.l for the Lohar Nala. For
this modelling, contour at 1 m interval has
been generated on DEM which was downloaded from Bhuban Cartosat, the flood
inundation data have been entered in Animation Manager Table in ArcMap and the layer
thus generated has been overlaid on 3D map
of West Tripura District in ArcScene. From
this model, it has been estimated that during
50 and 100 years return period, the flood
inundation depth was found to be 1–4 and 1–
5 m, respectively; about 180 and 300 km
2 area
of this district, respectively, will be affected;
about 1,99,530 and 4,51,263 people will be
affected, respectively. It means flood can be
disastrous in the district when water level of
the Haora River and Lohar Nala will be equal
to or exceed 1.5–2 and 1–1.4 m above the
river bank, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the flood risk through proper
flood plain land use planning and changing
the cropping system.
Keywords
Flood simulation model Á Flood hazard Á
Haora river Á West tripura district
15.1 Introduction
Generally, after a spell of heavy rain (due to
depression) which may last for a period of several
hours to several days, a large volume of runoff is
generated in the upper catchment and the river
experiences floods (Kale 2003). Flood hazard is
the probability of occurrence of a potentially
damaging flood event of a certain magnitude
within a given time period and area (Brooks 2003).
Efficient flood protection measures require a good
M. Bhowmik (&) Á N. Das (Pan)
Department of Geography and Disaster
Management, Tripura University, Agartala, India
e-mail: moujurigeo14@gmail.com
N. Das (Pan)
e-mail: nibeditadaspan@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
B. W. Pandey and S. Anand (eds.), Water Science and Sustainability, Sustainable Development Goals Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57488-8_15
201