and mineral separation by the industry is more.
At this stage, groundwater is more extracted in
the mining area for mineral separation. The
excessive pumping and over extraction of sand in
shoreline to meet the export demand is the main
reason of saltwater intrusion in mining sites. In
the active mining region depth profile indicates
that the water level highly declined into the
below ground level and the electrical conductivity values also increased. The change might
therefore be related to the saltwater encroachment into the aquifer. There is an ongoing
problem of saltwater intrusion in active mining
sites. The high salinity and the continuous
Fig. 14.11 Tidal-induced pressure and temperature fluctuation in Karamaniyar river estuary and dug well
14 Impacts of Beach Placer Mineral Mining …
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