References
1. O. Bayer, Das di-isocyanat-polyadditionsverfahren (polyurethane). Angew. Chem. 59, 257–
272 (1947)
2. O. Bayer, E. Muller, S. Petersen, H. Piepenbrink, E. Windemuth, New types of highly elastic
substances. Rubber Chem. Technol. 23, 812–835 (1950)
3. M. Sato, Studies on l-alkenyl isocyanates and their derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 26, 770–779
(1961)
4. M. Barikani, M. Barmar, Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers: synthesis, and study of
effective structural parameters. Iran. Polym. J. 5, 231–235 (1996)
5. Y. Camberlin, J.P. Ascault, Quantitative DSC evaluation of phase segregation rate in linear
segmented polyurethanes and polyurethaneureas. J. Polym. Chem. Part A Polym. Chem. 21,
415–423 (1983)
6. S.L. Cooper, A.V. Tobolsky, Properties of linear elastomeric polyurethanes. J. Appl. Polym.
Sci. 10, 1837–1844 (1966)
7. C. Chen-Tsai, E. Thomas, W. MacKnight, N. Schneider, Structure and morphology of
segmented polyurethanes: 3. Electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering studies
of amorphous random segmented polyurethanes. Polymer 27, 659–666 (1986)
8. C.S. Schollenberger, Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. Handb. Elastomers 11, 375–
409 (1988)
9. S. Clough, N. Schneider, Structural studies on urethane elastomers. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B
Phys. 2, 553–566 (1968)
10. A. Lilaonitkul, S. Cooper, Advances in Urethane Science and Technology, vol.
7 (Technomic, Westport, CT, 1979), p. 163
11. D.J. Martin, G.F. Meijs, G.M. Renwick, P.A. Gunatillake, S.J. Mccarthy, Effect of
soft-segment CH 2 /O ratio on morphology and properties of a series of polyurethane
elastomers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 60, 557–571 (1996)
12. H. Tagawa, K. Kurita, E. Wada, Investigations on linear segmented polyurethane elastomers,
1. Temperature dependence of microphase segregated structure. Macromol. Chem. Phys.
185, 2233–2240 (1984)
13. B.N. Rao, P.J.P. Yadav, M. Kuruma, T. Jana, P. Sastry, Triazine functionalized hydroxyl
terminated polybutadiene polyurethane: influence of triazine structure. Polymer 77, 323–333
(2015)
14. B. Sreedhar, D. Chattopadhyay, M. Karunakar, A. Sastry, Thermal and surface characterization of plasticized starch polyvinyl alcohol blends crosslinked with epichlorohydrin.
J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 101, 25–34 (2006)
15. T.L. Wang, T.H. Hsieh, Effect of polyol structure and molecular weight on the thermal
stability of segmented poly (urethaneureas). Polym. Degrad. Stab. 55, 95–102 (1997)
16. S. Sarkar, B. Adhikari, Thermal stability of lignin–hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene
copolyurethanes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 73, 169–175 (2001)
17. Z.S. Petrović, Z. Zavargo, J.H. Flyn, W.J. Macknight, Thermal degradation of segmented
polyurethanes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 51, 1087–1095 (1994)
18. K. Pielichowski, J. Pielichowski, H. Altenburg, H.J. Balloff, Thermische degradation von
MDI-basierenden polyurethanen: charakteristische abhängigkeiten zwischen den zersetzungsparametern. Thermochim. Acta 284, 419–428 (1996)
19. Z. Ge, X. Zhang, J. Dai, W. Li, Y. Luo, Synthesis, characterization and properties of a novel
fluorinated polyurethane. Eur. Polym. J. 45, 530–536 (2009)
20. N. Grassie, M. Zulfiqar, M. Guy, Thermal degradation of a series of polyester polyurethanes.
J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 18, 265–274 (1980)
21. F.M. Coutinho, M.C. Delpech, Degradation profile of films cast from aqueous polyurethane
dispersions. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 70, 49–57 (2000)
22. Y. Song, W. Chen, T. Yu, K. Linliu, Y. Tseng, Effect of isocyanates on the crystallinity and
thermal stability of polyurethanes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 62, 827–834 (1996)
62
5 Flame-Retardant Polyurethanes
1. O. Bayer, Das di-isocyanat-polyadditionsverfahren (polyurethane). Angew. Chem. 59, 257–
272 (1947)
2. O. Bayer, E. Muller, S. Petersen, H. Piepenbrink, E. Windemuth, New types of highly elastic
substances. Rubber Chem. Technol. 23, 812–835 (1950)
3. M. Sato, Studies on l-alkenyl isocyanates and their derivatives. J. Org. Chem. 26, 770–779
(1961)
4. M. Barikani, M. Barmar, Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers: synthesis, and study of
effective structural parameters. Iran. Polym. J. 5, 231–235 (1996)
5. Y. Camberlin, J.P. Ascault, Quantitative DSC evaluation of phase segregation rate in linear
segmented polyurethanes and polyurethaneureas. J. Polym. Chem. Part A Polym. Chem. 21,
415–423 (1983)
6. S.L. Cooper, A.V. Tobolsky, Properties of linear elastomeric polyurethanes. J. Appl. Polym.
Sci. 10, 1837–1844 (1966)
7. C. Chen-Tsai, E. Thomas, W. MacKnight, N. Schneider, Structure and morphology of
segmented polyurethanes: 3. Electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering studies
of amorphous random segmented polyurethanes. Polymer 27, 659–666 (1986)
8. C.S. Schollenberger, Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. Handb. Elastomers 11, 375–
409 (1988)
9. S. Clough, N. Schneider, Structural studies on urethane elastomers. J. Macromol. Sci. Part B
Phys. 2, 553–566 (1968)
10. A. Lilaonitkul, S. Cooper, Advances in Urethane Science and Technology, vol.
7 (Technomic, Westport, CT, 1979), p. 163
11. D.J. Martin, G.F. Meijs, G.M. Renwick, P.A. Gunatillake, S.J. Mccarthy, Effect of
soft-segment CH 2 /O ratio on morphology and properties of a series of polyurethane
elastomers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 60, 557–571 (1996)
12. H. Tagawa, K. Kurita, E. Wada, Investigations on linear segmented polyurethane elastomers,
1. Temperature dependence of microphase segregated structure. Macromol. Chem. Phys.
185, 2233–2240 (1984)
13. B.N. Rao, P.J.P. Yadav, M. Kuruma, T. Jana, P. Sastry, Triazine functionalized hydroxyl
terminated polybutadiene polyurethane: influence of triazine structure. Polymer 77, 323–333
(2015)
14. B. Sreedhar, D. Chattopadhyay, M. Karunakar, A. Sastry, Thermal and surface characterization of plasticized starch polyvinyl alcohol blends crosslinked with epichlorohydrin.
J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 101, 25–34 (2006)
15. T.L. Wang, T.H. Hsieh, Effect of polyol structure and molecular weight on the thermal
stability of segmented poly (urethaneureas). Polym. Degrad. Stab. 55, 95–102 (1997)
16. S. Sarkar, B. Adhikari, Thermal stability of lignin–hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene
copolyurethanes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 73, 169–175 (2001)
17. Z.S. Petrović, Z. Zavargo, J.H. Flyn, W.J. Macknight, Thermal degradation of segmented
polyurethanes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 51, 1087–1095 (1994)
18. K. Pielichowski, J. Pielichowski, H. Altenburg, H.J. Balloff, Thermische degradation von
MDI-basierenden polyurethanen: charakteristische abhängigkeiten zwischen den zersetzungsparametern. Thermochim. Acta 284, 419–428 (1996)
19. Z. Ge, X. Zhang, J. Dai, W. Li, Y. Luo, Synthesis, characterization and properties of a novel
fluorinated polyurethane. Eur. Polym. J. 45, 530–536 (2009)
20. N. Grassie, M. Zulfiqar, M. Guy, Thermal degradation of a series of polyester polyurethanes.
J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 18, 265–274 (1980)
21. F.M. Coutinho, M.C. Delpech, Degradation profile of films cast from aqueous polyurethane
dispersions. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 70, 49–57 (2000)
22. Y. Song, W. Chen, T. Yu, K. Linliu, Y. Tseng, Effect of isocyanates on the crystallinity and
thermal stability of polyurethanes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 62, 827–834 (1996)
62
5 Flame-Retardant Polyurethanes