403
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. F. Hossain, Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure,
Transportation, and Water Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_20
Chapter 20
Land
Abstract The major contribution of human exercises to the environment is quickening the land-use and land cover (LULC) change on earth severely. Simply the
land surface warms up and cools down quicker in contrast to water and air balance
on earth; thus, the planet land interacts with its ecological equilibrium intensely and
causes environmental vulnerability globally. The reflectivity, topography, elevation,
and latitude of lands thus have adverse impacts because land latitude loses its capability to mitigate solar radiations that reach the earth surface. Thus, the planetary
albedo reflexivity as well as the sort of land cover that obtains energy from the sun
influences the number of energies that is mirrored to earth that causes global warming. As a result, the misuse of land management and land-use practices deliver a
substantial influence on natural resources comprising animals, plants, nutrients,
soil, and water.
Keywords Misuse of land · Afforestation · Surface heating and cooling · Natural
resource consumption · Land-use management
Introduction
In international environment change, LULC change is a key issue. During the 1972
Stockholm Conferences on the Human Environment and the 1992 United Nations
Conferences on Environment and Development (UNCED) the community of scientific research called for a practical study of land-use changes [1, 2]. Simultaneously,
the International Geosphere and Biosphere Program (IGBP) as well as the
International Human Dimension Program (IHDP) co-arranged a working group to
promote research activity and to set up research agenda for land-use and land-cover
changes. Where other factors are incorporated into the necessity basis to drive different developmental index for water and land resources, land cover/land-use mapping is a vital element. Naturally based on NRSA (1989), land cover refers to
artificial covers, rock/soil, water bodies, natural vegetation, and others found on the
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. F. Hossain, Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure,
Transportation, and Water Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_20
Chapter 20
Land
Abstract The major contribution of human exercises to the environment is quickening the land-use and land cover (LULC) change on earth severely. Simply the
land surface warms up and cools down quicker in contrast to water and air balance
on earth; thus, the planet land interacts with its ecological equilibrium intensely and
causes environmental vulnerability globally. The reflectivity, topography, elevation,
and latitude of lands thus have adverse impacts because land latitude loses its capability to mitigate solar radiations that reach the earth surface. Thus, the planetary
albedo reflexivity as well as the sort of land cover that obtains energy from the sun
influences the number of energies that is mirrored to earth that causes global warming. As a result, the misuse of land management and land-use practices deliver a
substantial influence on natural resources comprising animals, plants, nutrients,
soil, and water.
Keywords Misuse of land · Afforestation · Surface heating and cooling · Natural
resource consumption · Land-use management
Introduction
In international environment change, LULC change is a key issue. During the 1972
Stockholm Conferences on the Human Environment and the 1992 United Nations
Conferences on Environment and Development (UNCED) the community of scientific research called for a practical study of land-use changes [1, 2]. Simultaneously,
the International Geosphere and Biosphere Program (IGBP) as well as the
International Human Dimension Program (IHDP) co-arranged a working group to
promote research activity and to set up research agenda for land-use and land-cover
changes. Where other factors are incorporated into the necessity basis to drive different developmental index for water and land resources, land cover/land-use mapping is a vital element. Naturally based on NRSA (1989), land cover refers to
artificial covers, rock/soil, water bodies, natural vegetation, and others found on the