392
ware by comparing the decadal and individual annual values for the past 10 years.
The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere was shown to be increasing at a rate of
2.11% ppm annually. Because the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 was
399.4 ± 0.1 ppm in 2016 and it has been growing at a rate of 2.11% per year, a toxic
CO 2 concentration of 60,000 ppm will result in 121,017,712 years.
Conclusion
Global CO 2 emissions and their redistribution within the atmosphere, ocean, and
terrestrial biosphere through absorption are calculated for the past several decades
to determine the future atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The annual growth rate of
the global atmospheric CO 2 concentration (G ATM ) (ppm) is computed considering
the global carbon budget of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the land over the last
several years and is shown to be currently 2.11% annually. If we cannot reduce this
current level (400 ppm) of annual CO 2 growth in a timely manner, the atmospheric
CO 2 concentration will eventually reach a toxic level (60,000 ppm), at which time
the entire human race and all other living beings on the planet will perish in 30 min
in 121,017,712 years.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by Green Globe Technology under the grant
RD-02017-06 for building a better environment. Any findings, predictions, and conclusions
described in this chapter are solely performed by the authors and we confirm that there is no conflict of interest for publishing in a suitable journal.
References
1. Andreas Reinhard. “Strongly correlated photons on a chip”, Nature Photonics, 12/18/2011.
2. Douglas, J. S., H. Habibian, C.-L. Hung, A. V. Gorshkov, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang.
“Quantum many-body models with cold atoms coupled to photonic crystals”, Nature
Photonics, 2015.
3. G. Baur, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann. Revisiting unitarity corrections for electromagnetic processes in collisions of relativistic nuclei. Phys. Rep. 453, 1 (2007).
4. G. Baur, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann, S. Sadovsky, Y. Kharlov. Dense laser-driven electron
sheets as relativistic mirrors for coherent production of brilliant X-ray and γ-ray beams. Phys.
Rep. 364, 359 (2002).
5. Alvar R. Garrigues, Li Yuan, Lejia Wang, Eduardo R. Mucciolo, Damien Thompon, Enrique
del Barco, Christian A. Nijhuis. “A Single-Level Tunnel Model to Account for Electrical
Transport through Single Molecule- and Self-Assembled Monolayer-based Junctions”,
Scientific Reports, 2016.
6. Xiao, Y. F. et al. Asymmetric Fano resonance analysis in indirectly coupled microresonators.
Phys. Rev. A 82, 065804 (2010).
7. Md. Faruque Hossain. “Solar energy integration into advanced building design for meeting
energy demand and environment problem”. International Journal of Energy Research, 2016.
18 Air
ware by comparing the decadal and individual annual values for the past 10 years.
The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere was shown to be increasing at a rate of
2.11% ppm annually. Because the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 was
399.4 ± 0.1 ppm in 2016 and it has been growing at a rate of 2.11% per year, a toxic
CO 2 concentration of 60,000 ppm will result in 121,017,712 years.
Conclusion
Global CO 2 emissions and their redistribution within the atmosphere, ocean, and
terrestrial biosphere through absorption are calculated for the past several decades
to determine the future atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The annual growth rate of
the global atmospheric CO 2 concentration (G ATM ) (ppm) is computed considering
the global carbon budget of the atmosphere, the ocean, and the land over the last
several years and is shown to be currently 2.11% annually. If we cannot reduce this
current level (400 ppm) of annual CO 2 growth in a timely manner, the atmospheric
CO 2 concentration will eventually reach a toxic level (60,000 ppm), at which time
the entire human race and all other living beings on the planet will perish in 30 min
in 121,017,712 years.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by Green Globe Technology under the grant
RD-02017-06 for building a better environment. Any findings, predictions, and conclusions
described in this chapter are solely performed by the authors and we confirm that there is no conflict of interest for publishing in a suitable journal.
References
1. Andreas Reinhard. “Strongly correlated photons on a chip”, Nature Photonics, 12/18/2011.
2. Douglas, J. S., H. Habibian, C.-L. Hung, A. V. Gorshkov, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang.
“Quantum many-body models with cold atoms coupled to photonic crystals”, Nature
Photonics, 2015.
3. G. Baur, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann. Revisiting unitarity corrections for electromagnetic processes in collisions of relativistic nuclei. Phys. Rep. 453, 1 (2007).
4. G. Baur, K. Hencken, D. Trautmann, S. Sadovsky, Y. Kharlov. Dense laser-driven electron
sheets as relativistic mirrors for coherent production of brilliant X-ray and γ-ray beams. Phys.
Rep. 364, 359 (2002).
5. Alvar R. Garrigues, Li Yuan, Lejia Wang, Eduardo R. Mucciolo, Damien Thompon, Enrique
del Barco, Christian A. Nijhuis. “A Single-Level Tunnel Model to Account for Electrical
Transport through Single Molecule- and Self-Assembled Monolayer-based Junctions”,
Scientific Reports, 2016.
6. Xiao, Y. F. et al. Asymmetric Fano resonance analysis in indirectly coupled microresonators.
Phys. Rev. A 82, 065804 (2010).
7. Md. Faruque Hossain. “Solar energy integration into advanced building design for meeting
energy demand and environment problem”. International Journal of Energy Research, 2016.
18 Air