306
solar energy is limited by the photo-efficiency of the TiO 2 catalyst bandgap to only
5% of the solar spectrum. The need for continuous illumination for efficient inactivation of pathogens has diverted solar utilization to artificial UV lamp-driven process. In addition, the low-efficacy design of current solar collecting technology
(0.04% capture of original solar photons) has encouraged the developmental progress of photocatalytic technology in the water treatment industry. Further pilot plant
investigations with different reactor configurations are needed to ensure that the
photocatalytic water technology is well established and presents vast technoeconomic data for any LCA study. Finally, a large-scale photocatalytic treatment
process with high-efficacy, solar-driven, and low-site-area requirements can be realized in the short future with rapid evaluation of different possible pilot plant
configurations.
Acknowledgement This topic “Wastewater” is written by Xiaolei Qu, Pedro J.J. Alvarez, and
Qilin Li at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
77005, USA, and it was published as “Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater
treatment” in Water Research. 47 (2013) 3931–3946.
This topic is written by Meng Nan Chong
a,b
, Bo Jin
a,b,c
, Christopher W.K. Chow
c
, and Chris
Saint
c at
a
School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia;
b
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South
Australia 5005, Australia; and
c
Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water Corporation, 5000
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. This chapter was published as “Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: A review” in journal “Water Research”. 44 (2010);
2997–3027.
References
1. Cassano, A.E., Alfano, O.M., 2000. Reaction engineering of suspended solid heterogeneous
photocatalytic reactors. Catal. Today 58, 167-197.
2. WHO, 2012. Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation. 2012 Update.
3. Cho, M., Yoon, J., 2008. Measurement of OH radical CT for inactivating Cryptosporidium
parvum using photo/ferrioxalate and photo/TiO 2 systems. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104, 759-766.
4. Qu, X.L., Brame, J., Li, Q., Alvarez, J.J.P., 2013. Nanotechnology for a safe and sustainable
water supply: enabling integrated water treatment and reuse. Accounts of Chemical Research
46 (3), 834-843.
5. Gernjak, W., Maldonado, M.I., Malato, S., Cáceres, J., Krutzler, T.,Glaser, A., Bauer, R.,
2004. Pilot-plant treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by solar TiO2 photocatalysis and
solar photo-Fenton. Sol. Energy 77, 567-572.
6. Pan, B., Xing, B.S., 2008. Adsorption mechanisms of organic chemicals on carbon nanotubes. Environmental Science and Technology 42 (24), 9005-9013.
7. Ryu, J., Choi, W., Choo, K.H., 2005. A pilot-scale photocatalyst-membrane hybrid reactor:
performance and characterization. Water Sci. Technol. 51, 491-497.
8. Yang, K., Xing, B.S., 2010. Adsorption of organic compounds by carbon nanomaterials in
aqueous phase: Polanyi theory and its application. Chemical Reviews 110 (10), 5989-6008.
9. Curcó, D., Giménez, J., Addarak, A., Cervera-March, S., Esplugas, S., 2002. Effects of radiation absorption and catalyst concentration on the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.
Catal. Today 76, 177-188.
13 Wastewater
solar energy is limited by the photo-efficiency of the TiO 2 catalyst bandgap to only
5% of the solar spectrum. The need for continuous illumination for efficient inactivation of pathogens has diverted solar utilization to artificial UV lamp-driven process. In addition, the low-efficacy design of current solar collecting technology
(0.04% capture of original solar photons) has encouraged the developmental progress of photocatalytic technology in the water treatment industry. Further pilot plant
investigations with different reactor configurations are needed to ensure that the
photocatalytic water technology is well established and presents vast technoeconomic data for any LCA study. Finally, a large-scale photocatalytic treatment
process with high-efficacy, solar-driven, and low-site-area requirements can be realized in the short future with rapid evaluation of different possible pilot plant
configurations.
Acknowledgement This topic “Wastewater” is written by Xiaolei Qu, Pedro J.J. Alvarez, and
Qilin Li at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
77005, USA, and it was published as “Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater
treatment” in Water Research. 47 (2013) 3931–3946.
This topic is written by Meng Nan Chong
a,b
, Bo Jin
a,b,c
, Christopher W.K. Chow
c
, and Chris
Saint
c at
a
School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia;
b
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South
Australia 5005, Australia; and
c
Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water Corporation, 5000
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. This chapter was published as “Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: A review” in journal “Water Research”. 44 (2010);
2997–3027.
References
1. Cassano, A.E., Alfano, O.M., 2000. Reaction engineering of suspended solid heterogeneous
photocatalytic reactors. Catal. Today 58, 167-197.
2. WHO, 2012. Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation. 2012 Update.
3. Cho, M., Yoon, J., 2008. Measurement of OH radical CT for inactivating Cryptosporidium
parvum using photo/ferrioxalate and photo/TiO 2 systems. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104, 759-766.
4. Qu, X.L., Brame, J., Li, Q., Alvarez, J.J.P., 2013. Nanotechnology for a safe and sustainable
water supply: enabling integrated water treatment and reuse. Accounts of Chemical Research
46 (3), 834-843.
5. Gernjak, W., Maldonado, M.I., Malato, S., Cáceres, J., Krutzler, T.,Glaser, A., Bauer, R.,
2004. Pilot-plant treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by solar TiO2 photocatalysis and
solar photo-Fenton. Sol. Energy 77, 567-572.
6. Pan, B., Xing, B.S., 2008. Adsorption mechanisms of organic chemicals on carbon nanotubes. Environmental Science and Technology 42 (24), 9005-9013.
7. Ryu, J., Choi, W., Choo, K.H., 2005. A pilot-scale photocatalyst-membrane hybrid reactor:
performance and characterization. Water Sci. Technol. 51, 491-497.
8. Yang, K., Xing, B.S., 2010. Adsorption of organic compounds by carbon nanomaterials in
aqueous phase: Polanyi theory and its application. Chemical Reviews 110 (10), 5989-6008.
9. Curcó, D., Giménez, J., Addarak, A., Cervera-March, S., Esplugas, S., 2002. Effects of radiation absorption and catalyst concentration on the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.
Catal. Today 76, 177-188.
13 Wastewater