237
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. F. Hossain, Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure,
Transportation, and Water Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_13
Chapter 13
Wastewater
Abstract Wastewater mitigation is a major problem in the world. Water treatment
refers to processes that improve the water quality by removing contaminants and
undesirable components or reducing their concentration to make it more suitable for
specific end use including river flow maintenance, irrigation, water recreation,
drinking, industrial water supply, or other uses. It is used to convert wastewater into
an effluent that can be further returned to the water cycle with minimal impact on
the environment or that can be directly reused, which can also be called as water
reclamation. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP), often referred to as a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) or a
sewage treatment plant. In this chapter, both water treatment and wastewater treatment are discussed where most advanced technological applications are applied.
Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a great challenge of
the twenty-first century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fastgrowing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate
change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to
enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds
great potential in advancing water and wastewater treatment to improve treatment
efficiency as well as to augment water supply through safe use of unconventional
water sources. Here we review recent developments in nanotechnology for water
and wastewater treatment. The discussion covers candidate nanomaterials, properties and mechanisms that enable the applications, advantages and limitations as
compared to existing processes, and barriers and research needs for commercialization. By tracing these technological advances to the physicochemical properties of
nanomaterials, this review outlines the opportunities and limitations to further capitalize on these unique properties for sustainable water management.
Keywords Water supply demand · Conventional wastewater treatment ·
Environmental pollution · Nanotechnology · Environmental sustainability
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. F. Hossain, Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure,
Transportation, and Water Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_13
Chapter 13
Wastewater
Abstract Wastewater mitigation is a major problem in the world. Water treatment
refers to processes that improve the water quality by removing contaminants and
undesirable components or reducing their concentration to make it more suitable for
specific end use including river flow maintenance, irrigation, water recreation,
drinking, industrial water supply, or other uses. It is used to convert wastewater into
an effluent that can be further returned to the water cycle with minimal impact on
the environment or that can be directly reused, which can also be called as water
reclamation. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP), often referred to as a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) or a
sewage treatment plant. In this chapter, both water treatment and wastewater treatment are discussed where most advanced technological applications are applied.
Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a great challenge of
the twenty-first century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fastgrowing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate
change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to
enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds
great potential in advancing water and wastewater treatment to improve treatment
efficiency as well as to augment water supply through safe use of unconventional
water sources. Here we review recent developments in nanotechnology for water
and wastewater treatment. The discussion covers candidate nanomaterials, properties and mechanisms that enable the applications, advantages and limitations as
compared to existing processes, and barriers and research needs for commercialization. By tracing these technological advances to the physicochemical properties of
nanomaterials, this review outlines the opportunities and limitations to further capitalize on these unique properties for sustainable water management.
Keywords Water supply demand · Conventional wastewater treatment ·
Environmental pollution · Nanotechnology · Environmental sustainability