153
enforced strict monitoring. Clearly, it is essential to appropriately manage stormwater so as it does not adversely disturb places of spatial interest; be a nuisance via
noise or odors; pose risk to animals, plants, soil, or water; cause harm to the environment; or endanger the health of human beings in the urban area [15, 34].
Subsequently, due to the conventional roof in the urban area based on the present
information, the worldwide heat trapping albedo reflected back to the atmosphere
increased more rapidly ever since 1000 than in the course of past centuries [5, 18].
In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that this
increase in reflection of albedo into the atmosphere is beyond the worst-case scenarios to meet the goal of Paris protocol. Over the last 100 years, the efficiency of
natural sinks like the roof surface, which absorb albedo, has declined, indicating
that human efforts to lessen these heat-trapping elements will have to be increasingly effective [7, 12]. Consequently, establishing environmental compatibility
examination and effect estimates of utilized products crossways the whole life cycle
is important and thus the development of green roofing should carefully be measured to attain the best environmental management, and ultimately secure a sustainable urban system. It is thus estimated that compared to traditional roofs, green
roofs can cut down heat-trapping element nearly by 2% in winter and 6% in summer
in urban areas. Simply, construction of the green roof would be a great way to control climate change and keep urban areas environmentally friendly.
Eventually, urban forests can play an important role in benefitting the environmental conditions of urban system since it controls local climate, slowing wind and
stormwater, and filters air and sunlight. Simply, the urban forest indeed plays a critical role in cooling the urban heat island effect, and potentially reducing the number
of unhealthy ozone days that plague major cities in peak summer months. As cities
struggle to comply with air quality standards, urban forest can help to clean the air
by eliminating the most serious pollutants in the urban atmosphere cycle, nitrogen
oxides (NOx), sulfuric oxides (SOx), and heat-trapping albedo elements. Groundlevel ozone, or smog, is created by chemical reactions between NOx and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight in urban areas. Urban vehicle emissions (especially diesel), and emissions from industrial facilities, are the
major sources of NOx. Besides the urban vehicle emissions, industrial emissions,
gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, trees, and other plants are the major sources of
VOCs that cause a serious impact on the urban environment. Urban particulate pollution, or particulate matter (PM10 and PM25), is made up of microscopic solids or
liquid droplets that can be inhaled and retained in lung tissue causing serious health
problems and thus most particulate pollution begins as smoke or diesel soot and can
cause serious health risk to people with heart and lung diseases and irritation to
healthy citizens. Here the urban forestry can play a tremendous role in mitigating
these diseases and enhancing the health of urban citizens and thus these urban trees
are the most important, cost-effective solution to reducing pollution and improving
air quality in the urban area.
Simply it can be said that the construction of green infrastructure, which is a
basic system of green alleys, green roofs, and urban forest, serves urban system to
facilitate the essential routes to function the infrastructure system properly and
Results and Discussion
enforced strict monitoring. Clearly, it is essential to appropriately manage stormwater so as it does not adversely disturb places of spatial interest; be a nuisance via
noise or odors; pose risk to animals, plants, soil, or water; cause harm to the environment; or endanger the health of human beings in the urban area [15, 34].
Subsequently, due to the conventional roof in the urban area based on the present
information, the worldwide heat trapping albedo reflected back to the atmosphere
increased more rapidly ever since 1000 than in the course of past centuries [5, 18].
In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that this
increase in reflection of albedo into the atmosphere is beyond the worst-case scenarios to meet the goal of Paris protocol. Over the last 100 years, the efficiency of
natural sinks like the roof surface, which absorb albedo, has declined, indicating
that human efforts to lessen these heat-trapping elements will have to be increasingly effective [7, 12]. Consequently, establishing environmental compatibility
examination and effect estimates of utilized products crossways the whole life cycle
is important and thus the development of green roofing should carefully be measured to attain the best environmental management, and ultimately secure a sustainable urban system. It is thus estimated that compared to traditional roofs, green
roofs can cut down heat-trapping element nearly by 2% in winter and 6% in summer
in urban areas. Simply, construction of the green roof would be a great way to control climate change and keep urban areas environmentally friendly.
Eventually, urban forests can play an important role in benefitting the environmental conditions of urban system since it controls local climate, slowing wind and
stormwater, and filters air and sunlight. Simply, the urban forest indeed plays a critical role in cooling the urban heat island effect, and potentially reducing the number
of unhealthy ozone days that plague major cities in peak summer months. As cities
struggle to comply with air quality standards, urban forest can help to clean the air
by eliminating the most serious pollutants in the urban atmosphere cycle, nitrogen
oxides (NOx), sulfuric oxides (SOx), and heat-trapping albedo elements. Groundlevel ozone, or smog, is created by chemical reactions between NOx and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight in urban areas. Urban vehicle emissions (especially diesel), and emissions from industrial facilities, are the
major sources of NOx. Besides the urban vehicle emissions, industrial emissions,
gasoline vapors, chemical solvents, trees, and other plants are the major sources of
VOCs that cause a serious impact on the urban environment. Urban particulate pollution, or particulate matter (PM10 and PM25), is made up of microscopic solids or
liquid droplets that can be inhaled and retained in lung tissue causing serious health
problems and thus most particulate pollution begins as smoke or diesel soot and can
cause serious health risk to people with heart and lung diseases and irritation to
healthy citizens. Here the urban forestry can play a tremendous role in mitigating
these diseases and enhancing the health of urban citizens and thus these urban trees
are the most important, cost-effective solution to reducing pollution and improving
air quality in the urban area.
Simply it can be said that the construction of green infrastructure, which is a
basic system of green alleys, green roofs, and urban forest, serves urban system to
facilitate the essential routes to function the infrastructure system properly and
Results and Discussion