150
infrastructure system because stormwater falls onto the roofs, streets, parking lots,
and concrete or other impermeable materials that cannot reach the soil due to the
conventional system of infrastructure. It is because the conventional stormwater
drainage system uses gutters, storm sewers, and other engineering collection methods to collect the water and discharge to the nearest water body, which causes
stormwater runoff to flooding which becomes one of the major causes of water pollution and leads to a disaster for the infrastructure in urban areas because of the
trash, heavy metals, and other pollutants it carries [6–8]. To mitigate these problems, green infrastructure development could be an excellent option just because
when stormwater falls onto green infrastructure, water will be able to penetrate into
the soil easily due to its excellent permeable ability. Thus, in this study the construction of modern green alley including stormwater storage tunnels, green roof, and
urban forest management is proposed to confirm the development of green infrastructure to change the mechanism on conventional infrastructure system to mitigate the climate change eventually.
Methods and Materials
To achieve rapid stormwater runoff into sewers and avoid flood, permeable construction of urban alleys for green infrastructure such as green alley, rainwater collection, green roof, and urban forest management has been proposed. Thus, the
proposition for permeable pavement construction in this study has been conducted
to confirm the construction of green alleys in order to permeate stormwater into the
ground in a most efficient way. Hence, the construction of proper subsoiling is being
proposed for the construction of permeable pavement, which refers to the maintenance of a porous layer of soil underneath; the permeable pavement is expected to
penetrate 3 in. of stormwater from a 1-h storm in its 30–35-year life which means a
70–90% drainage volume reduction [9–11]. Subsequently, here, another method of
rainwater collection by controlling stormwater connection to the downspouts from
homes and commercial buildings and reconnecting them to a collection or slow
dispersion system, of a cistern for storage and then rain garden for slow dispersion,
or a rainwater harvesting design system for both collecting and storing stormwater
for later use has been proposed. Simply rain garden is proposed to install at unpaved
space because of its versatile features to mimic natural hydrology by permeation,
evaporation, transpiration, and evapotranspiration of runoff; rain gardens that collect and absorb stormwater from rooftops, sidewalks, and streets should further be
developed as bioretention or bioinfiltration cells to avoid flooding.
Subsequently, green roof system, another green infrastructure technology, is construction to a roof covered with waterproof membrane with plants or trees suitable
for the local climate for 3–15 in. of soil, sand, or gravel by providing shadows, and
cutting down carbon dioxide indirectly through lowering cooling demand for electricity [12–14]. Simply, green roofs can reduce albedo, the heat-trapping element,
8 Green Infrastructure
infrastructure system because stormwater falls onto the roofs, streets, parking lots,
and concrete or other impermeable materials that cannot reach the soil due to the
conventional system of infrastructure. It is because the conventional stormwater
drainage system uses gutters, storm sewers, and other engineering collection methods to collect the water and discharge to the nearest water body, which causes
stormwater runoff to flooding which becomes one of the major causes of water pollution and leads to a disaster for the infrastructure in urban areas because of the
trash, heavy metals, and other pollutants it carries [6–8]. To mitigate these problems, green infrastructure development could be an excellent option just because
when stormwater falls onto green infrastructure, water will be able to penetrate into
the soil easily due to its excellent permeable ability. Thus, in this study the construction of modern green alley including stormwater storage tunnels, green roof, and
urban forest management is proposed to confirm the development of green infrastructure to change the mechanism on conventional infrastructure system to mitigate the climate change eventually.
Methods and Materials
To achieve rapid stormwater runoff into sewers and avoid flood, permeable construction of urban alleys for green infrastructure such as green alley, rainwater collection, green roof, and urban forest management has been proposed. Thus, the
proposition for permeable pavement construction in this study has been conducted
to confirm the construction of green alleys in order to permeate stormwater into the
ground in a most efficient way. Hence, the construction of proper subsoiling is being
proposed for the construction of permeable pavement, which refers to the maintenance of a porous layer of soil underneath; the permeable pavement is expected to
penetrate 3 in. of stormwater from a 1-h storm in its 30–35-year life which means a
70–90% drainage volume reduction [9–11]. Subsequently, here, another method of
rainwater collection by controlling stormwater connection to the downspouts from
homes and commercial buildings and reconnecting them to a collection or slow
dispersion system, of a cistern for storage and then rain garden for slow dispersion,
or a rainwater harvesting design system for both collecting and storing stormwater
for later use has been proposed. Simply rain garden is proposed to install at unpaved
space because of its versatile features to mimic natural hydrology by permeation,
evaporation, transpiration, and evapotranspiration of runoff; rain gardens that collect and absorb stormwater from rooftops, sidewalks, and streets should further be
developed as bioretention or bioinfiltration cells to avoid flooding.
Subsequently, green roof system, another green infrastructure technology, is construction to a roof covered with waterproof membrane with plants or trees suitable
for the local climate for 3–15 in. of soil, sand, or gravel by providing shadows, and
cutting down carbon dioxide indirectly through lowering cooling demand for electricity [12–14]. Simply, green roofs can reduce albedo, the heat-trapping element,
8 Green Infrastructure