43
7. US Commission on National Security in the 21st Century (1999) New World Coming:
American Security in the 21st Century, supporting research and analysis. September 15, 1999
8. Szinicz L (2005) History of chemical and biological warfare agents. Toxicology 214(3):167–181
9. CDC. Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response
(2005) Recommendatons of the CDC strategic planning workgroup. MMWR Recomm Rep
49.(RR-4:1–26
10. Cenciarelli O, Rea S, Carestia M, D’Amico F, Malizia A, Bellecci C, Gaudio P, Gucciardino
A, Fiorito R (2013) Bioweapons and bioterrorism: a review of history and biological agents.
Defence S&T Tech Bull 6(2):111–129
11. Barrett JA , Bowen GW, Golly SM, Hawley C, Jackson WM, Laughlin L, Lynch ME, (1998)
Assessment of biological agent detection equipment for emergency responders, June 1, 1998.
Chemical Biological Information Analysis Center (CBIAC), P.O. Box 196, Gunpowder, MD
21010-0196
12. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical
Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents, National Academy of Sciences
(1999) National Academy Press, Washington, DC 2005
13. Barrett JA, Bowen GW, Golly SM, Hawley C, Jackson WM, Laughlin L, Lynch ME, (1998)
Final Report on the Assessment of Biological Agent Detection Equipment for Emergency
Responders, U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command (CBDCOM), CBIAC,
P.O. Box 196, Gunpowder, MD 21010-0196
14. Marquette CA, Blum LJ (2006) State of the art and recent advances in immunoanalytical systems. Biosens Bioelectron 21(8):1424–1433
15. IUPAC (1992), 64: 143
16. Sapsforda KE, Bradburneb C, Delehantyb JB, Medintzb I (2008) Sensors for detecting biological agents. Mater Today 11(3):38–49
17. Thevenot R, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (1999) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Pure Appl Chem 71:2333–2348
18. Thevenot R, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (2010) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Biosens Bioelectron 16:121–131
19. Thevenot R, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (2001) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Anal Lett 34:635–659
20. Daly P, Collier T, Doyle S (2002) PCR-ELISA detection of Escherichia coli in milk. Lett Appl
Microbiol 34:222–226
21. Tsai W-L, Miller CE, Richter ER (2000) Determination of the sensitivity of a rapid Escherichia
coli O157:H7 assay for testing 375-gram composite samples. Appl Environ Microbio
66(9):4149–4151
22. Nicolas P, Mor A (1995) Peptides as weapons against microorganisms in the chemical defense
system of vertebrates. Annu Rev Microbiol 49:277–304
23. Zasloff M (2002) Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. Nature 415:389–339
24. Meng H, Kumar K (2007) Antimicrobial activity and protease stability of peptides containing
fluorinated amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 129:15615–15622
25. Mannoor MS, Zhang C, Link J, McAlpine MS (2010) Electrical detection of pathogenic bacteria via immobilized antimicrobial peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(45):19207–19212
26. Zasloff M, Martin B, Chen HC (1988) Antimicrobial activity of synthetic magainin peptides
and several analogues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:910–913
27. Zasloff M (1987) Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: isolation,
characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 84:5449–5453
28. Matsuzaki K, Sugishita KI, Harada M, Fujii N, Miyajima K (1997) Interactions of an antimicrobial peptide, magainin 2, with outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
BBA-Biomembranes 1327:119–130
29. Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ngundi MM, Ligler FS (2008) Array biosensor for toxin detection:
continued advances. Sensors 8:8361–8377
2 Detection of Biological Warfare Agents Using Biosensors
7. US Commission on National Security in the 21st Century (1999) New World Coming:
American Security in the 21st Century, supporting research and analysis. September 15, 1999
8. Szinicz L (2005) History of chemical and biological warfare agents. Toxicology 214(3):167–181
9. CDC. Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response
(2005) Recommendatons of the CDC strategic planning workgroup. MMWR Recomm Rep
49.(RR-4:1–26
10. Cenciarelli O, Rea S, Carestia M, D’Amico F, Malizia A, Bellecci C, Gaudio P, Gucciardino
A, Fiorito R (2013) Bioweapons and bioterrorism: a review of history and biological agents.
Defence S&T Tech Bull 6(2):111–129
11. Barrett JA , Bowen GW, Golly SM, Hawley C, Jackson WM, Laughlin L, Lynch ME, (1998)
Assessment of biological agent detection equipment for emergency responders, June 1, 1998.
Chemical Biological Information Analysis Center (CBIAC), P.O. Box 196, Gunpowder, MD
21010-0196
12. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical
Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents, National Academy of Sciences
(1999) National Academy Press, Washington, DC 2005
13. Barrett JA, Bowen GW, Golly SM, Hawley C, Jackson WM, Laughlin L, Lynch ME, (1998)
Final Report on the Assessment of Biological Agent Detection Equipment for Emergency
Responders, U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command (CBDCOM), CBIAC,
P.O. Box 196, Gunpowder, MD 21010-0196
14. Marquette CA, Blum LJ (2006) State of the art and recent advances in immunoanalytical systems. Biosens Bioelectron 21(8):1424–1433
15. IUPAC (1992), 64: 143
16. Sapsforda KE, Bradburneb C, Delehantyb JB, Medintzb I (2008) Sensors for detecting biological agents. Mater Today 11(3):38–49
17. Thevenot R, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (1999) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Pure Appl Chem 71:2333–2348
18. Thevenot R, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (2010) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Biosens Bioelectron 16:121–131
19. Thevenot R, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (2001) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Anal Lett 34:635–659
20. Daly P, Collier T, Doyle S (2002) PCR-ELISA detection of Escherichia coli in milk. Lett Appl
Microbiol 34:222–226
21. Tsai W-L, Miller CE, Richter ER (2000) Determination of the sensitivity of a rapid Escherichia
coli O157:H7 assay for testing 375-gram composite samples. Appl Environ Microbio
66(9):4149–4151
22. Nicolas P, Mor A (1995) Peptides as weapons against microorganisms in the chemical defense
system of vertebrates. Annu Rev Microbiol 49:277–304
23. Zasloff M (2002) Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms. Nature 415:389–339
24. Meng H, Kumar K (2007) Antimicrobial activity and protease stability of peptides containing
fluorinated amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 129:15615–15622
25. Mannoor MS, Zhang C, Link J, McAlpine MS (2010) Electrical detection of pathogenic bacteria via immobilized antimicrobial peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(45):19207–19212
26. Zasloff M, Martin B, Chen HC (1988) Antimicrobial activity of synthetic magainin peptides
and several analogues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:910–913
27. Zasloff M (1987) Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: isolation,
characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 84:5449–5453
28. Matsuzaki K, Sugishita KI, Harada M, Fujii N, Miyajima K (1997) Interactions of an antimicrobial peptide, magainin 2, with outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria.
BBA-Biomembranes 1327:119–130
29. Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ngundi MM, Ligler FS (2008) Array biosensor for toxin detection:
continued advances. Sensors 8:8361–8377
2 Detection of Biological Warfare Agents Using Biosensors