15 Future Directions
267
to varied corrosion phenomenon and processes, to propose anticorrosion approaches
relative to different environmental conditions, and to establish theoretical consensus
for metal materials application.
On the other hand, photochemistry, including optical absorption, luminescence,
nonlinear optics and photocatalysis, are also the most attractive properties of metal
nanoclusters [7, 8], indicating promising applications in chemical sensing, bioimaging and cell labeling, phototherapy and drug delivery [2, 8–18]. It is notable
that, the valence electrons of the metals often occupy the higher energy levels in the
metal NCs, and metal alloys could display altered optical properties even with same
ligand and similar structure, or even though the heterometal belongs to the same
group of elements (that is, no changes of the total valence electrons) [19]. The electronic structure of the nanoclusters (HOMO-LUMO gap and charge density) could
be meticulously adjustable pertaining to alloying techniques and ligand engineering
strategy, allowing likely multicolor emissions within and against Kasha’s Rule.
The high adjustability, reasonable rigidity and photostability of metal cluster luminance enable to develop high-performance microdevices for light-emitting diodes
and chemo-sensors [20].
References
1. Y. Du, H. Sheng, D. Astruc, M. Zhu, Chem. Rev. 120, 526–622 (2020)
2. I. Chakraborty, T. Pradeep, Chem. Rev. 117, 8208–8271 (2017)
3. Z. Luo, A.W. Castleman, Acc. Chem. Res. 47, 2931–2940 (2014)
4. A.C. Reber, S.N. Khanna, Acc. Chem. Res. 50, 255–263 (2017)
5. P. Jena, Q. Sun, Chem. Rev. 118, 5755–5780 (2018)
6. Y. Jia, Z. Luo, Coord. Chem. Rev. 400, 213053 (2019)
7. K.L.D.M. Weerawardene, C.M. Aikens, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 11202–11210 (2016)
8. X. Kang, M. Zhu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 2422–2457 (2019)
9. M. Wang, W. Wang, C. Liu, J. Liu, T.-S. Kang, C.-H. Leung, D.-L. Ma, Materials Chemistry
Frontiers 1, 128–131 (2017)
10. Y. Tao, M. Li, J. Ren, X. Qu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 8636–8663 (2015)
11. X. Hu, Y. Zheng, J. Zhou, D. Fang, H. Jiang, X. Wang, Chem. Mater. 30, 1947–1955 (2018)
12. N. Goswami, K. Zheng, J. Xie, Nanoscale 6, 13328–13347 (2014)
13. L. Nie, X. Xiao, H. Yang, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16, 8164–8175 (2016)
14. B. Du, X. Jiang, A. Das, Q. Zhou, M. Yu, R. Jin, J. Zheng, Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 1096–1102
(2017)
15. T. Udayabhaskararao, T. Pradeep, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 1553–1564 (2013)
16. T.-A.D. Nguyen, Z.R. Jones, B.R. Goldsmith, W.R. Buratto, G. Wu, S.L. Scott, T.W. Hayton,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 13319–13324 (2015)
17. K.K. Chakrahari, R.P.B. Silalahi, J.-H. Liao, S. Kahlal, Y.-C. Liu, J.-F. Lee, M.-H. Chiang,
J.-Y. Saillard, C.W. Liu, Chem. Sci. 9, 6785–6795 (2018)
18. S. Sharma, K.K. Chakrahari, J.-Y. Saillard, C.W. Liu, Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 2475–2483 (2018)
19. S. Wang, Q. Li, X. Kang, M. Zhu, Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 2784–2792 (2018)
20. M. Xie, C. Han, Q. Liang, J. Zhang, G. Xie, H. Xu, Sci. Adv. 5, eaav9857 (2019)
267
to varied corrosion phenomenon and processes, to propose anticorrosion approaches
relative to different environmental conditions, and to establish theoretical consensus
for metal materials application.
On the other hand, photochemistry, including optical absorption, luminescence,
nonlinear optics and photocatalysis, are also the most attractive properties of metal
nanoclusters [7, 8], indicating promising applications in chemical sensing, bioimaging and cell labeling, phototherapy and drug delivery [2, 8–18]. It is notable
that, the valence electrons of the metals often occupy the higher energy levels in the
metal NCs, and metal alloys could display altered optical properties even with same
ligand and similar structure, or even though the heterometal belongs to the same
group of elements (that is, no changes of the total valence electrons) [19]. The electronic structure of the nanoclusters (HOMO-LUMO gap and charge density) could
be meticulously adjustable pertaining to alloying techniques and ligand engineering
strategy, allowing likely multicolor emissions within and against Kasha’s Rule.
The high adjustability, reasonable rigidity and photostability of metal cluster luminance enable to develop high-performance microdevices for light-emitting diodes
and chemo-sensors [20].
References
1. Y. Du, H. Sheng, D. Astruc, M. Zhu, Chem. Rev. 120, 526–622 (2020)
2. I. Chakraborty, T. Pradeep, Chem. Rev. 117, 8208–8271 (2017)
3. Z. Luo, A.W. Castleman, Acc. Chem. Res. 47, 2931–2940 (2014)
4. A.C. Reber, S.N. Khanna, Acc. Chem. Res. 50, 255–263 (2017)
5. P. Jena, Q. Sun, Chem. Rev. 118, 5755–5780 (2018)
6. Y. Jia, Z. Luo, Coord. Chem. Rev. 400, 213053 (2019)
7. K.L.D.M. Weerawardene, C.M. Aikens, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 11202–11210 (2016)
8. X. Kang, M. Zhu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 2422–2457 (2019)
9. M. Wang, W. Wang, C. Liu, J. Liu, T.-S. Kang, C.-H. Leung, D.-L. Ma, Materials Chemistry
Frontiers 1, 128–131 (2017)
10. Y. Tao, M. Li, J. Ren, X. Qu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 8636–8663 (2015)
11. X. Hu, Y. Zheng, J. Zhou, D. Fang, H. Jiang, X. Wang, Chem. Mater. 30, 1947–1955 (2018)
12. N. Goswami, K. Zheng, J. Xie, Nanoscale 6, 13328–13347 (2014)
13. L. Nie, X. Xiao, H. Yang, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 16, 8164–8175 (2016)
14. B. Du, X. Jiang, A. Das, Q. Zhou, M. Yu, R. Jin, J. Zheng, Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 1096–1102
(2017)
15. T. Udayabhaskararao, T. Pradeep, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 1553–1564 (2013)
16. T.-A.D. Nguyen, Z.R. Jones, B.R. Goldsmith, W.R. Buratto, G. Wu, S.L. Scott, T.W. Hayton,
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 13319–13324 (2015)
17. K.K. Chakrahari, R.P.B. Silalahi, J.-H. Liao, S. Kahlal, Y.-C. Liu, J.-F. Lee, M.-H. Chiang,
J.-Y. Saillard, C.W. Liu, Chem. Sci. 9, 6785–6795 (2018)
18. S. Sharma, K.K. Chakrahari, J.-Y. Saillard, C.W. Liu, Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 2475–2483 (2018)
19. S. Wang, Q. Li, X. Kang, M. Zhu, Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 2784–2792 (2018)
20. M. Xie, C. Han, Q. Liang, J. Zhang, G. Xie, H. Xu, Sci. Adv. 5, eaav9857 (2019)
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