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evaluation of Vogel’s mushroom-fly hypothesis. Madrono 40:117–125
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on decomposing flowers in Panama. Am J Bot 89:527–524. https://doi.org/10.3732/
ajb.89.3.527
205. Burgess KS, Singfield J, Melendez V, Kevan PG (2004) Pollination biology of Aristolochia
grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Ann Mo Bot Gard 91:346–356
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bse.2010.06.002
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(ed) The pollination of flowers by insects. Academic, London
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https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1119499
210. Kaiser R (1993) The scents of orchids. Elsevier, Amsterdam
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of fly pollinators to the brood-site deceptive species Jaborosa rotacea (Solanaceae). Int J Plant
Sci 174:863–876. https://doi.org/10.1086/670367
212. Kite GC, Hetterscheld WLA, Lewis MJ, Boyce PC, Ollerton J, Cocklin E, Diaz A,
Simmonds MSJ (1998) Inflorescence odours and pollinators of Arum and Amorphophallus (Araceae). In: Owens SJ, Rudall PJ (eds) Reproductive biology. Royal Botanic
Garden, Kew
213. Jürgens A, Dötterl S, Meve U (2006) The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads
(Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae). New Phytol 172:452–468. https://doi.org/
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01845.x
214. Johnson SD, Jürgens A (2010) Convergent evolution of carrion and faecal scent mimicry in
fly-pollinated angiosperm flowers and a stinkhorn fungus. S Afr J Bot 76:796–807. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.012
215. Vogel S (1969) Flowers offering fatty oil instead of nectar. Abstracts, Proceedings of the XI
International Botanical Congress, Seattle, p 229
216. Vogel S (1974) Ölblumen und ölsammelnde Bienen. Tropische subtropische Pflanzenwelt
7:283–547
217. Simpson BB, Neff JL (1981) Floral rewards: alternatives to pollen and nectar. Ann Mo Bot
Gard 68:301–322. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398800
218. Buchmann SL (1987) The ecology of oil flowers and their bees. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst
18:343–369
219. Rasmussen C, Olesen JM (2000) Oil flowers and oil collecting bees. Scand Assoc Pollination
Ecology. Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi. I. Mat Nat Kl, Skrifter, Ny Serie 39:23–31
220. Machado IC (2004) Oil-collecting bees and related plants: a review of the studies in the
last twenty years and case histories of plants occurring in NE Brazil. In: Freitas BM,
Pereira JOP (eds) Solitary bees: conservation, rearing and management for pollination.
Imprensa Universitária, Fortaleza
221. Renner SS, Schaefer H (2010) The evolution and loss of oil-offering flowers: new insights
from dated phylogenies for plants and bees. Philos Trans R Soc B 365:423–435. https://doi.
org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0229
222. Possobom CCF, Machado SR (2017) Elaiophores: their taxonomic distribution, morphology
and functions. Acta Bot Bras 31:503–524. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0088
223. Anderson WR (1990) The origin of the Malpighiaceae – the evidence from morphology.
Mem NY Bot Gard 64:210–224
224. Simpson BB, Neff JL, Seigler N (1977) Krameria, free fatty acids and oil-collecting bees.
Nature 267:150–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/267150a0
750
E. D. Tölke et al.
evaluation of Vogel’s mushroom-fly hypothesis. Madrono 40:117–125
204. Sakai S (2002) Aristolochia spp. (Aristolochiaceae) pollinated by flies breeding
on decomposing flowers in Panama. Am J Bot 89:527–524. https://doi.org/10.3732/
ajb.89.3.527
205. Burgess KS, Singfield J, Melendez V, Kevan PG (2004) Pollination biology of Aristolochia
grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae) in Veracruz, Mexico. Ann Mo Bot Gard 91:346–356
206. Azuma H, Nagasawa J, Setoguchi H (2010) Floral scent emissions from Asarum yaeyamense
and related species. Biochem Syst Ecol 38:548–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
bse.2010.06.002
207. Aliscione SS, Achler AP, Torretta JP (2017) Floral anatomy, micromorphology and visitor
insects in three species of Aristolochia L. (Aristolochiaceae). N Z J Bot. https://doi.org/
10.1080/0028825X.2017.1380051
208. Vogel S (1978) Evolutionary shifts from reward to deception in pollen flowers. In: Richards AJ
(ed) The pollination of flowers by insects. Academic, London
209. Kaiser R (2006) Flowers and fungi use scents to mimic each other. Science 311:806–807.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1119499
210. Kaiser R (1993) The scents of orchids. Elsevier, Amsterdam
211. Moré M, Cocucci AA, Raguso RA (2013) The importance of oligosulfides in the attraction
of fly pollinators to the brood-site deceptive species Jaborosa rotacea (Solanaceae). Int J Plant
Sci 174:863–876. https://doi.org/10.1086/670367
212. Kite GC, Hetterscheld WLA, Lewis MJ, Boyce PC, Ollerton J, Cocklin E, Diaz A,
Simmonds MSJ (1998) Inflorescence odours and pollinators of Arum and Amorphophallus (Araceae). In: Owens SJ, Rudall PJ (eds) Reproductive biology. Royal Botanic
Garden, Kew
213. Jürgens A, Dötterl S, Meve U (2006) The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads
(Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae). New Phytol 172:452–468. https://doi.org/
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01845.x
214. Johnson SD, Jürgens A (2010) Convergent evolution of carrion and faecal scent mimicry in
fly-pollinated angiosperm flowers and a stinkhorn fungus. S Afr J Bot 76:796–807. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.012
215. Vogel S (1969) Flowers offering fatty oil instead of nectar. Abstracts, Proceedings of the XI
International Botanical Congress, Seattle, p 229
216. Vogel S (1974) Ölblumen und ölsammelnde Bienen. Tropische subtropische Pflanzenwelt
7:283–547
217. Simpson BB, Neff JL (1981) Floral rewards: alternatives to pollen and nectar. Ann Mo Bot
Gard 68:301–322. https://doi.org/10.2307/2398800
218. Buchmann SL (1987) The ecology of oil flowers and their bees. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst
18:343–369
219. Rasmussen C, Olesen JM (2000) Oil flowers and oil collecting bees. Scand Assoc Pollination
Ecology. Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi. I. Mat Nat Kl, Skrifter, Ny Serie 39:23–31
220. Machado IC (2004) Oil-collecting bees and related plants: a review of the studies in the
last twenty years and case histories of plants occurring in NE Brazil. In: Freitas BM,
Pereira JOP (eds) Solitary bees: conservation, rearing and management for pollination.
Imprensa Universitária, Fortaleza
221. Renner SS, Schaefer H (2010) The evolution and loss of oil-offering flowers: new insights
from dated phylogenies for plants and bees. Philos Trans R Soc B 365:423–435. https://doi.
org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0229
222. Possobom CCF, Machado SR (2017) Elaiophores: their taxonomic distribution, morphology
and functions. Acta Bot Bras 31:503–524. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0088
223. Anderson WR (1990) The origin of the Malpighiaceae – the evidence from morphology.
Mem NY Bot Gard 64:210–224
224. Simpson BB, Neff JL, Seigler N (1977) Krameria, free fatty acids and oil-collecting bees.
Nature 267:150–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/267150a0
750
E. D. Tölke et al.