Nitric Oxide as a Signal in Inducing
Secondary Metabolites During Plant Stress 25
Parankusam Santisree, Hemalatha Sanivarapu,
Sriramya Gundavarapu, Kiran K. Sharma, and
Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
1.1 Introduction to NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
1.2 Introduction to Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
2 Production of Secondary Metabolites in Plants Under Abiotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
2.1 Influence of Temperature Stress on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
2.2 Influence of Salt on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
2.3 Influence of Drought on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
2.4 Influence of Light on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
2.5 Influence of Heavy Metal on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
3 Abiotic Stress and Nitric Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
4 Role of NO in Inducing Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
4.1 NO-Mediated Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites Under Abiotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . 610
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are the major defense elements of plants against biotic
and abiotic stress conditions. They are diverse and valuable natural products
induced by a variety of environmental and developmental cues. In recent years,
NO has been successfully used as elicitor to stimulate secondary metabolite
accumulation in plants. Emerging evidence has established the significant role
of NO in plant growth and defense responses in plants. Several abiotic and biotic
stress factors can induce NO-mediated regulation of the biosynthetic pathways
of metabolites that can consequently alter their biological reaction toward the
P. Santisree (*) · H. Sanivarapu · S. Gundavarapu · K. K. Sharma · P. Bhatnagar-Mathur
Research Program on Grain Legumes, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
e-mail: s.parankusam@cgiar.org; santhikinnu@gmail.com; hemalatha.icrisat@gmail.com;
sriramya.gundavarapu@gmail.com; kksarmai@gmail.com; poojavaibhav@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J.-M. Mérillon, K. G. Ramawat (eds.), Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites,
Reference Series in Phytochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_61
593
Secondary Metabolites During Plant Stress 25
Parankusam Santisree, Hemalatha Sanivarapu,
Sriramya Gundavarapu, Kiran K. Sharma, and
Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
1.1 Introduction to NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
1.2 Introduction to Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
2 Production of Secondary Metabolites in Plants Under Abiotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
2.1 Influence of Temperature Stress on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
2.2 Influence of Salt on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
2.3 Influence of Drought on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
2.4 Influence of Light on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
2.5 Influence of Heavy Metal on Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
3 Abiotic Stress and Nitric Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
4 Role of NO in Inducing Secondary Metabolites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
4.1 NO-Mediated Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites Under Abiotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . 610
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are the major defense elements of plants against biotic
and abiotic stress conditions. They are diverse and valuable natural products
induced by a variety of environmental and developmental cues. In recent years,
NO has been successfully used as elicitor to stimulate secondary metabolite
accumulation in plants. Emerging evidence has established the significant role
of NO in plant growth and defense responses in plants. Several abiotic and biotic
stress factors can induce NO-mediated regulation of the biosynthetic pathways
of metabolites that can consequently alter their biological reaction toward the
P. Santisree (*) · H. Sanivarapu · S. Gundavarapu · K. K. Sharma · P. Bhatnagar-Mathur
Research Program on Grain Legumes, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
e-mail: s.parankusam@cgiar.org; santhikinnu@gmail.com; hemalatha.icrisat@gmail.com;
sriramya.gundavarapu@gmail.com; kksarmai@gmail.com; poojavaibhav@gmail.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J.-M. Mérillon, K. G. Ramawat (eds.), Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites,
Reference Series in Phytochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_61
593