Table 4 Weed management in field crops through combined application of allelopathic water
extracts and reduced herbicides doses
Weeds
controlled
Allelopathic extract
+ herbicide
Crop
Reduction (%)
References
Weed
density
Weed dry
weight
Swine cress,
littleseed
canarygrass
Sorghum +
sunflower
(18 L ha
À1 each) +
metribuzin (Sencor
70 WP) at 52.5 g a.i.
ha
À1
)
Wheat
83.3
77.9
[82]
Swine cress,
littleseed
canarygrass
Sorghum +
sunflower
(18 L ha
À1 each) +
bensulfuron +
isoproturon
(Cleaner 70 WP) at
52.5 g a.i. ha
À1
Wheat
88.2
88.5
[82]
Swine cress,
littleseed
canarygrass
Sorghum +
sunflower
(18 L ha
À1 each) +
metribuzin +
phenoxaprop
(Bullet 38 SC) at
57 g a.i. ha
À1
Wheat
87.3
91.6
[82]
Swine cress,
littleseed
canarygrass
Sorghum +
sunflower
(18 L ha
À1 each) +
mesosulfuron +
idosulfuron
(Atlantis 12 EC) at
36 g a.s. ha
À1
Wheat
87.3
92.9
[82]
Swine cress,
littleseed
canarygrass
Sorghum +
sunflower
(18 L ha
À1 each) +
mesosulfuron +
idosulfuron
(Atlantis 3.6 WG)
at 4.32 g a.i. ha
À1
Wheat
87.3
90.3
[82]
Horse purslane Atrazine
(125–250 g a.i.
ha
À1
) + sorghum +
brassica +
sunflower +
mulberry water
extracts (20 L ha
À1
each)
Maize
15.6
85–90
[150]
Barnyard
grass, rice flat
edge, jungle
rice, purple
nutsedge,
crowfoot grass
Sorghum water
extract (7.5 L ha
À1
)
+ ryzelan
(15 mL ha
À1
)
Rice
38.4
35
[141]
(continued)
23 Ecological Management of Agricultural Pests Through Allelopathy
559