Deranged Physiology of Peach
16
Lyubka Koleva-Valkova and Adelina Harizanova
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
2 Secondary Metabolites: Classification and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
3 Distribution of Secondary Metabolites in Peach Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
4 Biosynthetic Pathways of Major Secondary Metabolites: Enzymes and Regulation . . . . . . 383
5 Change of Secondary Metabolites in Abiotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
5.1 Temperature and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
5.2 Water Deficiency and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
6 Biotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
7 Influence of Biostimulants on the Content of Secondary Metabolites and Increase
of Plant Tolerance in Stress Factors . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 393
8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of a large number of secondary metabolites (SM). These
are compounds of varying structure, some of which have a low molecular weight
but are generally considered to be of great importance for the survival of the plant.
These compounds often accumulate in plants in smaller quantities than the main
metabolites, and their synthesis strongly depends on the conditions of the environment and can change in the presence of a stress factor. Secondary metabolites
are produced by plants in response to a signal and play an important role as
protective chemicals, signal molecules, and attractants. Most of these substances
are powerful antioxidants and serve to cope or reduce the effects of oxidative
stress caused by various abiotic or biotic factors. For these reasons, secondary
metabolites are important for human health too, and the plants that produce them
L. Koleva-Valkova (*) · A. Harizanova
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University,
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
e-mail: l_koleva2001@yahoo.com; aharizanova@yahoo.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J.-M. Mérillon, K. G. Ramawat (eds.), Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites,
Reference Series in Phytochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_31
377
16
Lyubka Koleva-Valkova and Adelina Harizanova
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
2 Secondary Metabolites: Classification and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
3 Distribution of Secondary Metabolites in Peach Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
4 Biosynthetic Pathways of Major Secondary Metabolites: Enzymes and Regulation . . . . . . 383
5 Change of Secondary Metabolites in Abiotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
5.1 Temperature and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
5.2 Water Deficiency and Oxidative Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
6 Biotic Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
7 Influence of Biostimulants on the Content of Secondary Metabolites and Increase
of Plant Tolerance in Stress Factors . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 393
8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of a large number of secondary metabolites (SM). These
are compounds of varying structure, some of which have a low molecular weight
but are generally considered to be of great importance for the survival of the plant.
These compounds often accumulate in plants in smaller quantities than the main
metabolites, and their synthesis strongly depends on the conditions of the environment and can change in the presence of a stress factor. Secondary metabolites
are produced by plants in response to a signal and play an important role as
protective chemicals, signal molecules, and attractants. Most of these substances
are powerful antioxidants and serve to cope or reduce the effects of oxidative
stress caused by various abiotic or biotic factors. For these reasons, secondary
metabolites are important for human health too, and the plants that produce them
L. Koleva-Valkova (*) · A. Harizanova
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University,
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
e-mail: l_koleva2001@yahoo.com; aharizanova@yahoo.com
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J.-M. Mérillon, K. G. Ramawat (eds.), Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites,
Reference Series in Phytochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_31
377