6. Halbleib CM, Ludden PW (2000) Regulation of biological nitrogen fixation. J Nutr
130:1081–1084. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.5.1081
7. Dupont L, Alloing G, Pierre O, El S, Hopkins J, Hrouart D, Frendo P (2012) The legume root
nodule: from symbiotic nitrogen fixation to senescence. In: Nagata T (ed) Senescence.
IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/34438
8. Clúa J, Roda C, Zanetti ME, Blanco FA (2018) Compatibility between legumes and rhizobia
for the establishment of a successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Genes (Basel):9. https://doi.
org/10.3390/genes9030125
9. Yang C, Bueckert R, Schoenau J, Diederichsen A, Zakeri H, Warkentin T (2017) Symbiosis
of selected Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains with diverse pea genotypes: effects on
biological nitrogen fixation. Can J Microbiol 63:909–919. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-20170281
10. Silveira JAG, Figueiredo MDVB, Cavalvcanti FR, Ferreira-Silva SL (2011) Legume nodule
oxidative stress and N 2 fixation efficiency. In: de Araújo ASF, Figueiredo MVB (eds)
Microbial ecology of tropical soils. Nova Science Pub Inc, UK, pp 49–78
11. Brencic A, Winans SC (2005) Detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe
interactions by plant-associated bacteria detection of and response to signals involved in hostmicrobe interactions by plant-associated bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69:155–194.
https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.69.1.155
12. Wang Q, Liu J, Zhu H (2018) Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying symbiotic
specificity in legume-rhizobium interactions. Front Plant Sci 9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fpls.2018.00313
13. Li B, Li Y-Y, Wu H-M, Zhang F-F, Li C-J, Li X-X, Lambers H, Li L (2016) Root exudates
drive interspecific facilitation by enhancing nodulation and N 2 fixation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
113:6496–6501. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523580113
14. Bais HP, Weir TL, Perry LG, Gilroy S, Vivanco JM (2006) The role of root exudates in
rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:233–266.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159
15. Stambul’s’ka UI, Lushchak VI (2009) Chemotaxis of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae to
organic substances. Mikrobiol Z 71:47–54
16. Liu Y, Jiang X, Guan D, Zhou W, Ma M, Zhao B, Cao F, Li L, Li J (2017) Transcriptional
analysis of genes involved in competitive nodulation in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens at the
presence of soybean root exudates. Sci Rep 7:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-01711372-0
17. Liu C-W, Murray J (2016) The role of flavonoids in nodulation host-range specificity:
an update. Plants 5:33. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants5030033
18. Cooper JE (2004) Multiple responses of rhizobia to flavonoids during legume root infection.
In: Incorporating advances in plant pathology. Academic, Amsterdam, pp 1–62
19. Cooper JE (2007) Early interactions between legumes and rhizobia: disclosing complexity in
a molecular. Dialogue 103:1355–1365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03366.x
20. Janczarek M, Rachwał K, Marzec A, Grzadziel J, Palusińska-Szysz M (2014) Signal molecules and cell-surface components involved in early stages of the legume-rhizobium interactions. Appl Soil Ecol 85:94–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.08.010
21. Long SR (2001) Genes and signals in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Plant Physiol
125:69–72. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.1.69
22. Debellé F, Moulin L, Mangin B, Dénarié J, Boivin C (2001) Nod genes and Nod signals and
the evolution of the rhizobium legume symbiosis. Acta Biochim Pol 48:359–365
23. Nelson MS, Sadowsky MJ (2015) Secretion systems and signal exchange between nitrogenfixing rhizobia and legumes. Front Plant Sci 6:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00491
24. Ferguson BJ, Mathesius U (2014) Phytohormone regulation of legume-rhizobia interactions.
J Chem Ecol 40:770–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0472-7
25. Miri M, Janakirama P, Held M, Ross L, Szczyglowski K (2016) Into the root: how cytokinin
controls rhizobial infection. Trends Plant Sci 21:178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
tplants.2015.09.003
314
U. Y. Stambulska and M. M. Bayliak
130:1081–1084. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.5.1081
7. Dupont L, Alloing G, Pierre O, El S, Hopkins J, Hrouart D, Frendo P (2012) The legume root
nodule: from symbiotic nitrogen fixation to senescence. In: Nagata T (ed) Senescence.
IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/34438
8. Clúa J, Roda C, Zanetti ME, Blanco FA (2018) Compatibility between legumes and rhizobia
for the establishment of a successful nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. Genes (Basel):9. https://doi.
org/10.3390/genes9030125
9. Yang C, Bueckert R, Schoenau J, Diederichsen A, Zakeri H, Warkentin T (2017) Symbiosis
of selected Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains with diverse pea genotypes: effects on
biological nitrogen fixation. Can J Microbiol 63:909–919. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-20170281
10. Silveira JAG, Figueiredo MDVB, Cavalvcanti FR, Ferreira-Silva SL (2011) Legume nodule
oxidative stress and N 2 fixation efficiency. In: de Araújo ASF, Figueiredo MVB (eds)
Microbial ecology of tropical soils. Nova Science Pub Inc, UK, pp 49–78
11. Brencic A, Winans SC (2005) Detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe
interactions by plant-associated bacteria detection of and response to signals involved in hostmicrobe interactions by plant-associated bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69:155–194.
https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.69.1.155
12. Wang Q, Liu J, Zhu H (2018) Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying symbiotic
specificity in legume-rhizobium interactions. Front Plant Sci 9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fpls.2018.00313
13. Li B, Li Y-Y, Wu H-M, Zhang F-F, Li C-J, Li X-X, Lambers H, Li L (2016) Root exudates
drive interspecific facilitation by enhancing nodulation and N 2 fixation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
113:6496–6501. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523580113
14. Bais HP, Weir TL, Perry LG, Gilroy S, Vivanco JM (2006) The role of root exudates in
rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:233–266.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159
15. Stambul’s’ka UI, Lushchak VI (2009) Chemotaxis of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae to
organic substances. Mikrobiol Z 71:47–54
16. Liu Y, Jiang X, Guan D, Zhou W, Ma M, Zhao B, Cao F, Li L, Li J (2017) Transcriptional
analysis of genes involved in competitive nodulation in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens at the
presence of soybean root exudates. Sci Rep 7:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-01711372-0
17. Liu C-W, Murray J (2016) The role of flavonoids in nodulation host-range specificity:
an update. Plants 5:33. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants5030033
18. Cooper JE (2004) Multiple responses of rhizobia to flavonoids during legume root infection.
In: Incorporating advances in plant pathology. Academic, Amsterdam, pp 1–62
19. Cooper JE (2007) Early interactions between legumes and rhizobia: disclosing complexity in
a molecular. Dialogue 103:1355–1365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03366.x
20. Janczarek M, Rachwał K, Marzec A, Grzadziel J, Palusińska-Szysz M (2014) Signal molecules and cell-surface components involved in early stages of the legume-rhizobium interactions. Appl Soil Ecol 85:94–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.08.010
21. Long SR (2001) Genes and signals in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Plant Physiol
125:69–72. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.1.69
22. Debellé F, Moulin L, Mangin B, Dénarié J, Boivin C (2001) Nod genes and Nod signals and
the evolution of the rhizobium legume symbiosis. Acta Biochim Pol 48:359–365
23. Nelson MS, Sadowsky MJ (2015) Secretion systems and signal exchange between nitrogenfixing rhizobia and legumes. Front Plant Sci 6:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00491
24. Ferguson BJ, Mathesius U (2014) Phytohormone regulation of legume-rhizobia interactions.
J Chem Ecol 40:770–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0472-7
25. Miri M, Janakirama P, Held M, Ross L, Szczyglowski K (2016) Into the root: how cytokinin
controls rhizobial infection. Trends Plant Sci 21:178–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
tplants.2015.09.003
314
U. Y. Stambulska and M. M. Bayliak