chemical protection. It is thus tempting to speculate that the evolution of alkaloids,
but also of glucosinolates or cyanogenic glucosides in angiosperms, is
the consequence of the co-evolution of angiosperms and pollinating insects or
herbivores.
Acknowledgments My research on plant secondary metabolism, chemical ecology, and evolution
for over 40 years was only possible through the collaboration with many students and colleagues
and financial support by DFG, BMBF, GTZ, EU, DAAD, KAAD, AvH, CONACYT, Heidelberg
University, and scholarship programs of France, Italy, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt,
Tunisia, China, Thailand, and Indonesia.
References
1. Dewick PM (2002) Medicinal natural products. A biosynthetic approach. Wiley, New York.
507pp
2. Harborne JB (1993) Introduction to ecological biochemistry, 4th edn. Academic, London
3. Harborne JB, Baxter H (1993) Phytochemical dictionary. A handbook of bioactive compounds
from plants. Taylor & Francis, London
4. Seigler DS (1998) Plant secondary metabolism. Kluwer, Dordrecht/London/Boston
5. Wink M (1988) Plant breeding: importance of plant secondary metabolites for protection
against pathogens and herbivores. Theor Appl Genet 75:225–233
6. Wink M (2003) Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and molecular
phylogenetic perspective. Phytochemistry 64:3–19
7. Wink M (2016) Evolution of secondary plant metabolism. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester. https://
doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0001922.pub3
8. Wink M (2008) Plant secondary metabolism: diversity, function and its evolution. Natl Prod
Commun 3:1205–1216
9. Wink M (2013) Evolution of secondary metabolites in legumes (Fabaceae). S Afr J Bot
89:164–175
10. Zenk MH, Juenger M (2007) Evolution and current status of the phytochemistry of nitrogenous
compounds. Phytochemistry 65:2757–2772
11. Wink M (2010) Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolism. Annual plant reviews, vol 40.
Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester
12. Hartmann T (2007) From waste products to ecochemicals: fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism. Phytochemistry 68:2831–2846
13. Wink M (2008) Evolutionary advantage and molecular modes of action of multi-component
mixtures used in phytomedicine. Curr Drug Metab 9:996–1009
14. Wink M (2015) Modes of action of herbal medicines and plant secondary metabolites.
Medicines 2:251–286
15. Wink M (2010) Function of plant secondary metabolites and their exploitation in biotechnology.
Annual plant reviews, vol 39. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester
16. van Wyk BE, Wink M (2017) Medicinal plants of the world, 2nd edn. CABI, Wallingford
17. Wink M, Schimmer O (2010) Molecular modes of action of defensive secondary metabolites.
In: Wink M (ed) Functions and biotechnology of plant secondary metabolites. Annual plant
reviews, vol 39, pp 21–161
18. Beckers GJM, Spoel SH (2005) Fine-tuning plant defense signaling: salicylate versus
jasmonate. Plant Biol 8:1–10
19. Krauss GJ, Nies DH (2014) Ecological biochemistry. Environmental and interspecific interactions. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
20. Rosenthal GA, Berenbaum MR (1991) Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant
metabolites. Vol. 1. The chemical participants. Academic, San Diego
172
M. Wink
but also of glucosinolates or cyanogenic glucosides in angiosperms, is
the consequence of the co-evolution of angiosperms and pollinating insects or
herbivores.
Acknowledgments My research on plant secondary metabolism, chemical ecology, and evolution
for over 40 years was only possible through the collaboration with many students and colleagues
and financial support by DFG, BMBF, GTZ, EU, DAAD, KAAD, AvH, CONACYT, Heidelberg
University, and scholarship programs of France, Italy, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt,
Tunisia, China, Thailand, and Indonesia.
References
1. Dewick PM (2002) Medicinal natural products. A biosynthetic approach. Wiley, New York.
507pp
2. Harborne JB (1993) Introduction to ecological biochemistry, 4th edn. Academic, London
3. Harborne JB, Baxter H (1993) Phytochemical dictionary. A handbook of bioactive compounds
from plants. Taylor & Francis, London
4. Seigler DS (1998) Plant secondary metabolism. Kluwer, Dordrecht/London/Boston
5. Wink M (1988) Plant breeding: importance of plant secondary metabolites for protection
against pathogens and herbivores. Theor Appl Genet 75:225–233
6. Wink M (2003) Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and molecular
phylogenetic perspective. Phytochemistry 64:3–19
7. Wink M (2016) Evolution of secondary plant metabolism. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester. https://
doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0001922.pub3
8. Wink M (2008) Plant secondary metabolism: diversity, function and its evolution. Natl Prod
Commun 3:1205–1216
9. Wink M (2013) Evolution of secondary metabolites in legumes (Fabaceae). S Afr J Bot
89:164–175
10. Zenk MH, Juenger M (2007) Evolution and current status of the phytochemistry of nitrogenous
compounds. Phytochemistry 65:2757–2772
11. Wink M (2010) Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolism. Annual plant reviews, vol 40.
Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester
12. Hartmann T (2007) From waste products to ecochemicals: fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism. Phytochemistry 68:2831–2846
13. Wink M (2008) Evolutionary advantage and molecular modes of action of multi-component
mixtures used in phytomedicine. Curr Drug Metab 9:996–1009
14. Wink M (2015) Modes of action of herbal medicines and plant secondary metabolites.
Medicines 2:251–286
15. Wink M (2010) Function of plant secondary metabolites and their exploitation in biotechnology.
Annual plant reviews, vol 39. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester
16. van Wyk BE, Wink M (2017) Medicinal plants of the world, 2nd edn. CABI, Wallingford
17. Wink M, Schimmer O (2010) Molecular modes of action of defensive secondary metabolites.
In: Wink M (ed) Functions and biotechnology of plant secondary metabolites. Annual plant
reviews, vol 39, pp 21–161
18. Beckers GJM, Spoel SH (2005) Fine-tuning plant defense signaling: salicylate versus
jasmonate. Plant Biol 8:1–10
19. Krauss GJ, Nies DH (2014) Ecological biochemistry. Environmental and interspecific interactions. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
20. Rosenthal GA, Berenbaum MR (1991) Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant
metabolites. Vol. 1. The chemical participants. Academic, San Diego
172
M. Wink