Table 2
Occurrences of selected alkaloids among plants. (Source: Refs: [3, 9, 60])
Alkaloid type
Example
Order
Family
Genus (selection)
Amaryllidaceae
alkaloids
Ambelline, brunsvigine,
galanthamine, haemanthamine,
lycorine
Asparagales
Amaryllidaceae
Amaryllis, Ammocharis, Boophane,
Brunsvigia, Clivia, Crinum,
Galanthus, Haemanthus,
Hippeastrum, Hymenocallis,
Leucojum, Lycoris, Narcissus,
Nerine, Pancratium, Sternbergia,
Ungermia, Zephyranthes
Betalain
alkaloids
Amaranthin, betanin, miraxanthin,
vulgaxanthin-I
Caryophyllales Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae/
Chenopodiaceae, Cactaceae,
Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae,
Portulacaceae
Amaranthus, Atriplex, Beta,
Bougainvillea, Celosia,
Chenopodium, Gomphrena,
Mesembryanthemum, Mirabilis,
Opuntia, Portulaca, Phytolacca
Diterpenoid
alkaloids
Aconitine, delphinine, delsonine,
lycaconithine, lycoctonine, spiradine
A
Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae
Aconitum, Atragene, Consolida,
Delphinium, Thalictrum
Anopterine
Saxifragales
Saxifragaceae
Anopterus
Cassaine
Fabales
Fabaceae
Erythrophleum
Cuauchichine, garryine,
lindheimerine,
Garryales
Garryaceae
Garrya
Icaceine
Icacinales
Iacacinaceae
Icacina
Ryanodine
Malpighiales
Salicaceae
Ryania
Spiradine A
Rosales
Rosaceae
Spirea
Indole alkaloids
Ajmalicine, ajmaline, akuammidine,
alstonine, brucine, calebassine,
catharanthine, C-curarine,
eburnamine, ellipticine, gelsemine,
ibogaine, mitragynine, reserpine,
rutaecarpine, sempervirine,
serpentine, strychnine, tabernamine,
Gentianales
Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae,
Rubiaceae
Adina, Alstonia, Amsonia,
Aspidosperma, Borreria,
Catharanthus, Cephaelis, Cinchona,
Corynanthe, Evodia,
Geissospermum, Gelsemium,
Flindersia, Hortia, Hunteria,
Melodinus, Mitragyna, Murraya,
(continued)
8 Evolution of the Angiosperms and Co-evolution of Secondary Metabolites. . .
161