27. Stewart GR, Press MC (1990) The physiology and biochemistry of parasitic angiosperms. Annu
Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41:127–151
28. Yoder JI (1999) Parasitic plant responses to host plant signals: a model for subterranean plantplant interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2:65–70
29. Runyon JB, Mescher MC, Moraes CD (2006) Volatile chemical cues guide host location and
host selection by parasitic plants. Science 313:1964–1967
30. Hutchison JM, Ashton FM (1980) Germination of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris). Weed Sci
28:330–333
31. Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and
germination. Academic, San Diego
32. Lyshede OB (1992) Studies on mature seeds of Cuscuta pedicellata and C. campestris by
electron microscopy. Ann Bot 69:365–371
33. Hutchison JM, Ashton FM (1979) Effect of desiccation and scarification on the permeability
and structure of the seed coat of Cuscuta campestris. Am J Bot 66:40–46
34. Marambe B, Wijesundara S, Tennekoon K, Pindeniya D, Jayasinghe C (2002) Growth and
development of Cuscuta chinensis lam. And its impact on selected crops. Weed Biol Manag
2:79–83
35. Haidar MA, Iskandarani N, Siahemed M, Baalbaki R (1999) Response of field dodder (Cuscuta
campestris) seed to soil solarization and chicken manure. Crop Protect 18:253–258
36. Lados M (1999) Effect of temperature, pH and host plant extract on the germination of Cuscuta
trifolii and C. campestris seeds. Novenytermeles 48:367–376
37. Salimi H, Shahraeen N (2000) Study on comparison of seed dormancy and germination of three
species of dodder. Rostaniha 1:33–36
38. Costea M, Tardif FJ (2006) The biology of Canadian weeds. 133. Cuscuta campestris Yuncker,
C. gronovii Willd. ex Schult., C. umbrosa Beyr. ex Hook., C. epithymum (L.) L. and C. epilinum
Weihe. Can J Plant Sci 86:293–316
39. Lyshede OB (1984) Seed structure and germination in Cuscuta pedicellata with some notes on
C. campestris. Nord J Bot 4:669–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1984.tb01992.x
40. Vail SL, Dailey OD, Blanchard EJ, Pepperman AB, Riopel JL (1990) Terpenoid precursors of
strigol as a seed germination stimulant of broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) and witchweed
(Striga asiatica). J Plant Growth Regul 9:77–83
41. Benvenuti S, Pompeiano A, Macchia M, Miele S (2002) Orobanche seed bank dynamics in
tobacco by using a germination stimulant. In: 12th European Weed Research Society Symposium, Wageningen, 24–27 July 2002. Academic, Dordrecht, pp 380–381
42. Orr GL, Haidar MA, Orr DA (1996) Small seed dodder (Cuscuta planiflora) phototropism
toward far-red when in white light. Weed Sci 44:233–240
43. Tada Y, Sugai M, Furuhashi K (1996) Haustoria of Cuscuta japonica, a Holoparasitic flowering
plant, are induced by the cooperative effects of far-red light and tactile stimuli. Plant Cell
Physiol 37:1049–1053
44. Haidar MA (2003) Characterization of the interaction between cryptochromes and phytochromes in blue light-induced coiling and prehaustoria development of dodder (Cuscuta
campestris) seedlings. Ann Appl Biol 143:57–62
45. Haidar MA, Orr GL, Westra P (1997) Effects of light and mechanical stimulation on coiling and
prehaustoria formation in Cuscuta spp. Weed Res 37:219–228
46. Srivastava S, Nighojkar A, Kumar A (1994) Multiple forms of pectin methylesterase from
Cuscuta reflexa filaments. Phytochemistry 37:1233–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422
(00)90390-X
47. Vaughn KC (2002) Attachment of the parasitic weed dodder to the host. Protoplasma
219:227–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007090200024
48. Vaughn KC (2003) Dodder hyphae invade the host: a structural and immunocytochemical
characterization. Protoplasma 220:189–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-002-0038-3
49. Sarić-Krsmanović M, Božić D, Radivojević LJ, Gajić Umiljendić J, Šantrić L, Vrbničanin S
(2017) Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cover crops on seed
5 Field Dodder: Life Cycle and Interaction with Host Plants
117
Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41:127–151
28. Yoder JI (1999) Parasitic plant responses to host plant signals: a model for subterranean plantplant interactions. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2:65–70
29. Runyon JB, Mescher MC, Moraes CD (2006) Volatile chemical cues guide host location and
host selection by parasitic plants. Science 313:1964–1967
30. Hutchison JM, Ashton FM (1980) Germination of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris). Weed Sci
28:330–333
31. Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and
germination. Academic, San Diego
32. Lyshede OB (1992) Studies on mature seeds of Cuscuta pedicellata and C. campestris by
electron microscopy. Ann Bot 69:365–371
33. Hutchison JM, Ashton FM (1979) Effect of desiccation and scarification on the permeability
and structure of the seed coat of Cuscuta campestris. Am J Bot 66:40–46
34. Marambe B, Wijesundara S, Tennekoon K, Pindeniya D, Jayasinghe C (2002) Growth and
development of Cuscuta chinensis lam. And its impact on selected crops. Weed Biol Manag
2:79–83
35. Haidar MA, Iskandarani N, Siahemed M, Baalbaki R (1999) Response of field dodder (Cuscuta
campestris) seed to soil solarization and chicken manure. Crop Protect 18:253–258
36. Lados M (1999) Effect of temperature, pH and host plant extract on the germination of Cuscuta
trifolii and C. campestris seeds. Novenytermeles 48:367–376
37. Salimi H, Shahraeen N (2000) Study on comparison of seed dormancy and germination of three
species of dodder. Rostaniha 1:33–36
38. Costea M, Tardif FJ (2006) The biology of Canadian weeds. 133. Cuscuta campestris Yuncker,
C. gronovii Willd. ex Schult., C. umbrosa Beyr. ex Hook., C. epithymum (L.) L. and C. epilinum
Weihe. Can J Plant Sci 86:293–316
39. Lyshede OB (1984) Seed structure and germination in Cuscuta pedicellata with some notes on
C. campestris. Nord J Bot 4:669–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1984.tb01992.x
40. Vail SL, Dailey OD, Blanchard EJ, Pepperman AB, Riopel JL (1990) Terpenoid precursors of
strigol as a seed germination stimulant of broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) and witchweed
(Striga asiatica). J Plant Growth Regul 9:77–83
41. Benvenuti S, Pompeiano A, Macchia M, Miele S (2002) Orobanche seed bank dynamics in
tobacco by using a germination stimulant. In: 12th European Weed Research Society Symposium, Wageningen, 24–27 July 2002. Academic, Dordrecht, pp 380–381
42. Orr GL, Haidar MA, Orr DA (1996) Small seed dodder (Cuscuta planiflora) phototropism
toward far-red when in white light. Weed Sci 44:233–240
43. Tada Y, Sugai M, Furuhashi K (1996) Haustoria of Cuscuta japonica, a Holoparasitic flowering
plant, are induced by the cooperative effects of far-red light and tactile stimuli. Plant Cell
Physiol 37:1049–1053
44. Haidar MA (2003) Characterization of the interaction between cryptochromes and phytochromes in blue light-induced coiling and prehaustoria development of dodder (Cuscuta
campestris) seedlings. Ann Appl Biol 143:57–62
45. Haidar MA, Orr GL, Westra P (1997) Effects of light and mechanical stimulation on coiling and
prehaustoria formation in Cuscuta spp. Weed Res 37:219–228
46. Srivastava S, Nighojkar A, Kumar A (1994) Multiple forms of pectin methylesterase from
Cuscuta reflexa filaments. Phytochemistry 37:1233–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422
(00)90390-X
47. Vaughn KC (2002) Attachment of the parasitic weed dodder to the host. Protoplasma
219:227–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007090200024
48. Vaughn KC (2003) Dodder hyphae invade the host: a structural and immunocytochemical
characterization. Protoplasma 220:189–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-002-0038-3
49. Sarić-Krsmanović M, Božić D, Radivojević LJ, Gajić Umiljendić J, Šantrić L, Vrbničanin S
(2017) Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cover crops on seed
5 Field Dodder: Life Cycle and Interaction with Host Plants
117