107. Agrawal AA, Fishbein M (2008) Phylogenetic escalation and decline of plant defense strategies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:10057–10060
108. Agrawal AA, Fishbein M (2006) Plant defense syndromes. Ecology 87:S132–S149
109. Hattas D, Hjalten J, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Scogings PF, Rooke T (2011) Differential phenolic
profiles in six African savanna woody species in relation to antiherbivore defense. Phytochemistry 72:1796–1803
110. Sampedro L, Moreira X, Zas R (2011) Costs of constitutive and herbivore-induced chemical
defences in pine trees emerge only under low nutrient availability. J Ecol 99:818–827
111. Agrawal AA, Salminen JP, Fishbein M (2009) Phylogenetic trends in phenolic metabolism of
milkweeds (Asclepias): evidence for escalation. Evolution 63:663–673
112. Becerra JX, Noge K, Venable DL (2009) Macroevolutionary chemical escalation in an ancient
plant–herbivore arms race. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:18062–18066
113. Becerra JX (2007) The impact of herbivore–plant coevolution on plant community structure.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:7483–7488
114. Kursar TA, Dexter KG, Lokvam J, Pennington RT, Richardson JE, Weber MG, Murakami ET,
Drake C, McGregor R, Coley PD (2009) The evolution of antiherbivore defenses and their
contribution to species coexistence in the tropical tree genus Inga. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
106:18073–18078
115. Sedio BE, Rojas Echeverri JC, Boya P, Cristopher A, Wright SJ (2017) Sources of variation in
foliar secondary chemistry in a tropical forest tree community. Ecology 98:616–623
116. Gilbert LE (1980) Ecological consequences of a coevolved mutualism between butterflies and
plants. In: Gilbert LE, Raven PH (eds) Coevolution of animals and plants. University of Texas
Press, Austin, pp 210–240
117. Becerra JX (2015) On the factors that promote the diversity of herbivorous insects and plants
in tropical forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:6098–6103
118. Gentry AH (1982) Neotropical floristic diversity: phytogeographical connections between
Central and South America, Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, or an accident of the Andean
orogeny? Ann Mo Bot Gard 69:557–593
119. Foster RB, Hubbell SP (1990) The floristic composition of the Barro Colorado Island forest.
In: Gentry AH (ed) Four neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven/London,
pp 85–98
120. Salazar D, Jaramillo A, Marquis RJ (2016) The impact of plant chemical diversity on
plant–herbivore interactions at the community level. Oecologia 181:1199–1208
121. Richards LA, Dyer LA, Forister ML, Smilanich AM, Dodson CD, Leonard MD, Jeffrey CS
(2015) Phytochemical diversity drives plant–insect community diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 112:10973–10978
122. Salazar D, Lokvam J, Mesones I, Vásquez M, Ayarza J, Fine P (2018) Origin and maintenance
of chemical diversity in a species-rich tropical tree lineage. Nat Ecol Evol 2(6):983–990
123. Novotný V, Basset Y (2000) Rare species in communities of tropical insect herbivores:
pondering the mystery of singletons. Oikos 89:564–572
124. Marquis RJ, Lill JT, Piccinni A (2002) Effect of plant architecture on colonization and damage
by leaftying caterpillars of Quercus alba. Oikos 99:531–537
125. Lavandero B, Labra A, Ramirez CC, Niemeyer HM, Fuentes-Contreras E (2009) Species
richness of herbivorous insects on Nothofagus trees in South America and New Zealand: the
importance of chemical attributes of the host. Basic Appl Ecol 10:10–18
126. Volf M, Pyszko P, Abe T, Libra M, Kotásková N, Šigut M, Kumar R, Kaman O, Butterill P,
Šipoš J, Abe H, Fukushima H, Drozd P, Kamata N, Murakami M, Novotny V (2017)
Phylogenetic composition of host plant communities drives plant–herbivore food web structure. J Anim Ecol 86:556–565
127. Janz N, Nylin S (1998) Butterflies and plants: a phylogenetic study. Evolution 52:486–502
128. Farrell BD, Mitter C (1990) Phylogenesis of insect/plant interactions: have Phyllobrotica leaf
beetles (Chrysomelidae) and the Lamiales diversified in parallel. Evolution 44:1389–1403
129. Futuyma DJ (2000) Some current approaches to the evolution of plant–herbivore interactions.
Plant Species Biol 15:1–9
4 Differential Response of Herbivores to Plant Defence
99
108. Agrawal AA, Fishbein M (2006) Plant defense syndromes. Ecology 87:S132–S149
109. Hattas D, Hjalten J, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Scogings PF, Rooke T (2011) Differential phenolic
profiles in six African savanna woody species in relation to antiherbivore defense. Phytochemistry 72:1796–1803
110. Sampedro L, Moreira X, Zas R (2011) Costs of constitutive and herbivore-induced chemical
defences in pine trees emerge only under low nutrient availability. J Ecol 99:818–827
111. Agrawal AA, Salminen JP, Fishbein M (2009) Phylogenetic trends in phenolic metabolism of
milkweeds (Asclepias): evidence for escalation. Evolution 63:663–673
112. Becerra JX, Noge K, Venable DL (2009) Macroevolutionary chemical escalation in an ancient
plant–herbivore arms race. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:18062–18066
113. Becerra JX (2007) The impact of herbivore–plant coevolution on plant community structure.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:7483–7488
114. Kursar TA, Dexter KG, Lokvam J, Pennington RT, Richardson JE, Weber MG, Murakami ET,
Drake C, McGregor R, Coley PD (2009) The evolution of antiherbivore defenses and their
contribution to species coexistence in the tropical tree genus Inga. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
106:18073–18078
115. Sedio BE, Rojas Echeverri JC, Boya P, Cristopher A, Wright SJ (2017) Sources of variation in
foliar secondary chemistry in a tropical forest tree community. Ecology 98:616–623
116. Gilbert LE (1980) Ecological consequences of a coevolved mutualism between butterflies and
plants. In: Gilbert LE, Raven PH (eds) Coevolution of animals and plants. University of Texas
Press, Austin, pp 210–240
117. Becerra JX (2015) On the factors that promote the diversity of herbivorous insects and plants
in tropical forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:6098–6103
118. Gentry AH (1982) Neotropical floristic diversity: phytogeographical connections between
Central and South America, Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, or an accident of the Andean
orogeny? Ann Mo Bot Gard 69:557–593
119. Foster RB, Hubbell SP (1990) The floristic composition of the Barro Colorado Island forest.
In: Gentry AH (ed) Four neotropical rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven/London,
pp 85–98
120. Salazar D, Jaramillo A, Marquis RJ (2016) The impact of plant chemical diversity on
plant–herbivore interactions at the community level. Oecologia 181:1199–1208
121. Richards LA, Dyer LA, Forister ML, Smilanich AM, Dodson CD, Leonard MD, Jeffrey CS
(2015) Phytochemical diversity drives plant–insect community diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 112:10973–10978
122. Salazar D, Lokvam J, Mesones I, Vásquez M, Ayarza J, Fine P (2018) Origin and maintenance
of chemical diversity in a species-rich tropical tree lineage. Nat Ecol Evol 2(6):983–990
123. Novotný V, Basset Y (2000) Rare species in communities of tropical insect herbivores:
pondering the mystery of singletons. Oikos 89:564–572
124. Marquis RJ, Lill JT, Piccinni A (2002) Effect of plant architecture on colonization and damage
by leaftying caterpillars of Quercus alba. Oikos 99:531–537
125. Lavandero B, Labra A, Ramirez CC, Niemeyer HM, Fuentes-Contreras E (2009) Species
richness of herbivorous insects on Nothofagus trees in South America and New Zealand: the
importance of chemical attributes of the host. Basic Appl Ecol 10:10–18
126. Volf M, Pyszko P, Abe T, Libra M, Kotásková N, Šigut M, Kumar R, Kaman O, Butterill P,
Šipoš J, Abe H, Fukushima H, Drozd P, Kamata N, Murakami M, Novotny V (2017)
Phylogenetic composition of host plant communities drives plant–herbivore food web structure. J Anim Ecol 86:556–565
127. Janz N, Nylin S (1998) Butterflies and plants: a phylogenetic study. Evolution 52:486–502
128. Farrell BD, Mitter C (1990) Phylogenesis of insect/plant interactions: have Phyllobrotica leaf
beetles (Chrysomelidae) and the Lamiales diversified in parallel. Evolution 44:1389–1403
129. Futuyma DJ (2000) Some current approaches to the evolution of plant–herbivore interactions.
Plant Species Biol 15:1–9
4 Differential Response of Herbivores to Plant Defence
99