The chapter entitled “Studies on, the Use and Protection of Springs in Poland”
was prepared by Paweł Jokiel from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography
Sciences and Zdzisław Michalczyk, from the Marie Curie-Skłodowska University
in Lublin, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management. The authors discussed sources located throughout Poland. These are spots of groundwater outflow
to the surface of the area with unique features that should be legally protected.
Source protection measures are to ensure the preservation of high-quality groundwater flowing out of the sources as well as the natural and landscape values of their
surroundings.
The last chapter in this part of the book is entitled “Groundwater Resources of
Poland.” The authors of the chapter are Arkadiusz Krawiec and Andrzej Sadurski
from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences and
Spatial Management. The authors discussed the status of groundwater resources in
Poland. Fresh groundwater is an abundant resource and of high quality, which is
why it is the main source of water supply for the population, which is constantly
monitored. Mineral and thermal waters that occur at greater depths are used for
therapeutic, recreational and heating purposes.
In the third part of the book, “Change of Flow in Polish Rivers,” there are nine
chapters that deal with the long-term and seasonal variability of rivers in Poland.
The first chapter in this part was written by Dariusz Wrzesiński from Adam
Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Geographical and Geological
Sciences, and is entitled “Flow Regime Patterns and Their Changes.” The author
characterized the types of hydrological regime of major Polish rivers and the
detection of changes in the hydrological cycle. He drew attention to the problem of
availability and quantity of water resources, which is affected by the seasonal flow
of the river and the stability of the hydrological regime.
The second chapter in part three is entitled “Flow Seasonality in Two Big Polish
Rivers – The Vistula and the Oder” by Paweł Jokiel and Przemysław Tomalski
from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography Sciences. The authors compared the long-term flow seasonality along the two largest rivers in Poland, the
Vistula and the Oder.
The chapter “Low-Flows in Polish Rivers” is authored by Edmund Tomaszewski
from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography Sciences, and Katarzyna
Kubiak-Wójcicka Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth
Sciences and Spatial Management. This chapter draws attention to the spatial,
seasonal and long-term variability of low flows in selected Polish rivers. Low flows
in rivers affect the river regime as well as the availability, dynamics and management of water resources.
Additionally, the chapter titled “Dynamics, Range, and Severity of Hydrological
Drought in Poland” was presented by Edmund Tomaszewski and Malwina Kozek
from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography Sciences. The study includes
parameters describing the duration, severity, extent and identification of periods
with different patterns of hydrological drought development. This problem is
extremely important in reducing losses caused by periods with long-term water
shortages.
Preface
vii
was prepared by Paweł Jokiel from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography
Sciences and Zdzisław Michalczyk, from the Marie Curie-Skłodowska University
in Lublin, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management. The authors discussed sources located throughout Poland. These are spots of groundwater outflow
to the surface of the area with unique features that should be legally protected.
Source protection measures are to ensure the preservation of high-quality groundwater flowing out of the sources as well as the natural and landscape values of their
surroundings.
The last chapter in this part of the book is entitled “Groundwater Resources of
Poland.” The authors of the chapter are Arkadiusz Krawiec and Andrzej Sadurski
from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences and
Spatial Management. The authors discussed the status of groundwater resources in
Poland. Fresh groundwater is an abundant resource and of high quality, which is
why it is the main source of water supply for the population, which is constantly
monitored. Mineral and thermal waters that occur at greater depths are used for
therapeutic, recreational and heating purposes.
In the third part of the book, “Change of Flow in Polish Rivers,” there are nine
chapters that deal with the long-term and seasonal variability of rivers in Poland.
The first chapter in this part was written by Dariusz Wrzesiński from Adam
Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Geographical and Geological
Sciences, and is entitled “Flow Regime Patterns and Their Changes.” The author
characterized the types of hydrological regime of major Polish rivers and the
detection of changes in the hydrological cycle. He drew attention to the problem of
availability and quantity of water resources, which is affected by the seasonal flow
of the river and the stability of the hydrological regime.
The second chapter in part three is entitled “Flow Seasonality in Two Big Polish
Rivers – The Vistula and the Oder” by Paweł Jokiel and Przemysław Tomalski
from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography Sciences. The authors compared the long-term flow seasonality along the two largest rivers in Poland, the
Vistula and the Oder.
The chapter “Low-Flows in Polish Rivers” is authored by Edmund Tomaszewski
from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography Sciences, and Katarzyna
Kubiak-Wójcicka Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth
Sciences and Spatial Management. This chapter draws attention to the spatial,
seasonal and long-term variability of low flows in selected Polish rivers. Low flows
in rivers affect the river regime as well as the availability, dynamics and management of water resources.
Additionally, the chapter titled “Dynamics, Range, and Severity of Hydrological
Drought in Poland” was presented by Edmund Tomaszewski and Malwina Kozek
from the University of Łódź, Faculty of Geography Sciences. The study includes
parameters describing the duration, severity, extent and identification of periods
with different patterns of hydrological drought development. This problem is
extremely important in reducing losses caused by periods with long-term water
shortages.
Preface
vii