428
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka et al.
13. As regards effective flood risk management in Poland, it is necessary to work out
measures for coordinating both flood protection and flood prevention, and also
for mitigating the effects of floods. Further, non-technical methods of protection
against floods must be supported with technical methods, for example through
legislative and administrative measures.
14. Strategic investments in the catchment areas concerned the increase of their
retention through afforestation (comprehensive forest and forestry adaptation
projects to climate change), counteracting water erosion in lowland areas,
restoration of riverbeds and riverbanks, increasing retention in urban areas of
over 20,000 residents.
15. In Poland there is still reserve to build a few large hydropower plants, especially
in the lower Vistula and it is possible to build a few hundred of small hydropower
plants on smaller watercourses.
16. It seems a top priority matter that on key issues for the country, such as the state
of its water resources and their use, the decision makers would be consensus
and cooperation of both opponents and advocates of the inland waterway
development program in Poland.
17. Significant both on a national and regional scale as well as for the design and
operation of irrigation systems in family farms or commercial enterprises is the
proper and sustainable management of water resources in agriculture.
18. It should be stressed that the strategy paper approved by the Council of Ministers provides the basis for (i) making decisions which determine the status of
water resources; (ii) improving the process for achieving or maintaining the
good status of waters and the related ecosystems; (iii) determining the need to
introduce rational water management principles in the future.
References
1. Kundzewicz ZW (2011) Nonstationarity in water resources – central European perspective. J
Am Water Resources Associat (JAWRA) 47(3):550–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.
2011.00549.x(ISI)
2. Szwed M, Graczyk D, Pi´ nskwar I, Kundzewicz ZW (2007) Projections of Climate Extremes
in Poland. Geographia Polonica 80(2):191–202. https://rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/107/GP_80_
2_cala.pdf#page=185
3. Osuch M, Romanowicz RJ, Lawrence D, Wong WK (2016) Trends in projections of standardized precipitation indices in a future climate in Poland. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 20:1947–1969.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1947-2016
4. Szwed M, Karg G, Pi´ nskwar I, Radziejewski M, Graczyk D, K˛ edziora A, Kundzewicz ZW
(2010) Climate change and its effect on agriculture, water resources and human health sectors
in Poland. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:1725–1737. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-17252010
5. Kundzewicz ZW, Piniewski M, Mezghani A, Okruszko T, Pi´ nskwar I, Kardel I, Hov Ø,
Szcze´ sniak M, Szwed M, Benestad RE, Marcinkowski P, Graczyk D, Dobler A, Førland EJ,
O’Keefe J, Chory´ nski A, Parding KM, Haugen JE (2018) Assessment of climate change and
associated impact on selected sectors in Poland. Acta Geophys 66:1509–1523. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11600-018-0220-4
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka et al.
13. As regards effective flood risk management in Poland, it is necessary to work out
measures for coordinating both flood protection and flood prevention, and also
for mitigating the effects of floods. Further, non-technical methods of protection
against floods must be supported with technical methods, for example through
legislative and administrative measures.
14. Strategic investments in the catchment areas concerned the increase of their
retention through afforestation (comprehensive forest and forestry adaptation
projects to climate change), counteracting water erosion in lowland areas,
restoration of riverbeds and riverbanks, increasing retention in urban areas of
over 20,000 residents.
15. In Poland there is still reserve to build a few large hydropower plants, especially
in the lower Vistula and it is possible to build a few hundred of small hydropower
plants on smaller watercourses.
16. It seems a top priority matter that on key issues for the country, such as the state
of its water resources and their use, the decision makers would be consensus
and cooperation of both opponents and advocates of the inland waterway
development program in Poland.
17. Significant both on a national and regional scale as well as for the design and
operation of irrigation systems in family farms or commercial enterprises is the
proper and sustainable management of water resources in agriculture.
18. It should be stressed that the strategy paper approved by the Council of Ministers provides the basis for (i) making decisions which determine the status of
water resources; (ii) improving the process for achieving or maintaining the
good status of waters and the related ecosystems; (iii) determining the need to
introduce rational water management principles in the future.
References
1. Kundzewicz ZW (2011) Nonstationarity in water resources – central European perspective. J
Am Water Resources Associat (JAWRA) 47(3):550–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.
2011.00549.x(ISI)
2. Szwed M, Graczyk D, Pi´ nskwar I, Kundzewicz ZW (2007) Projections of Climate Extremes
in Poland. Geographia Polonica 80(2):191–202. https://rcin.org.pl/igipz/Content/107/GP_80_
2_cala.pdf#page=185
3. Osuch M, Romanowicz RJ, Lawrence D, Wong WK (2016) Trends in projections of standardized precipitation indices in a future climate in Poland. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 20:1947–1969.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1947-2016
4. Szwed M, Karg G, Pi´ nskwar I, Radziejewski M, Graczyk D, K˛ edziora A, Kundzewicz ZW
(2010) Climate change and its effect on agriculture, water resources and human health sectors
in Poland. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:1725–1737. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-17252010
5. Kundzewicz ZW, Piniewski M, Mezghani A, Okruszko T, Pi´ nskwar I, Kardel I, Hov Ø,
Szcze´ sniak M, Szwed M, Benestad RE, Marcinkowski P, Graczyk D, Dobler A, Førland EJ,
O’Keefe J, Chory´ nski A, Parding KM, Haugen JE (2018) Assessment of climate change and
associated impact on selected sectors in Poland. Acta Geophys 66:1509–1523. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11600-018-0220-4