330
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka and L. Szcz˛ ech
created at that time, including mainly those, started previously, with a capacity of
only 3.2 MW, among them the largest (2.64 MW) Pierzchała on Pasł˛ eka River [13].
In the first 10 years after the war, there was an increase in the number of hydroelectric power plants in Poland using, in particular, the flood storage reservoirs that
were being built at that time. 38 professional hydropower plants were built at that
time, with a capacity of 68 MW, including the first two power plants built on the
Wda River (Czarna Woda) in Pomerania: Gródek (3.9 MW) and ˙
Zur (9.0 MW).
The construction of the power plants in Gródek and ˙
Zur was closely related to the
intensive electrification of the country but also contributed to the development of
water tourism. Among others, on the initiative of Hoffmann in 1931, the “Wda”
Kayak Club was created at the ˙
Zur hydroelectric power plant [14]. The 1930s were
characterized by a large increase in power (99.5 MW), thanks to the construction of
a larger water power plant in Lower Silesia and Pomerania, and especially a large
plant in Dychów on the lower Bóbr in 1936 (79.5 MW). Large shipping reservoirs
were built on the tributaries of the Odra River: Otmuchów on Nysa Kłodzka in 1933
(4.8 MW) and Turawa on Mała Panew in 1937 (1.8 MW); the construction of these
reservoirs was completed only in 1948.
During the Second World War and in the first post-war years, no new hydropower
facilities were created in the Regained Territories. In 1942, the construction of the
dam and hydropower plant (HP) in Ro˙ znów (50.0 MW) on the Dunajec River was
completed, and in 1949 a similar equalizing reservoir and a hydropower plant (second
stage of the cascade) were completed below in Czchów (8.0 MW). The construction
of the storage reservoir in Turawa and others, damaged during military operations,
was completed. It was not until the 1950s that Dychów was rebuilt and re-opened
– the largest power plant on the lower Bóbr – the first mixed, pumped storage HP
with 4 independent pump units.
At the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, there was a revival of the energy use of Polish
rivers – new hydropower plants were being built. Taking advantage of the necessity
to put another Odra channelized stage in Brzeg Dolny, in 1958 the Wały ´
Sl˛ askie
power station was built there (9.8 MW). Already in 1960, it was the turn of one
of the larger lowland reservoirs: Koronowo on the Brda, where a large power plant
was constructed (26.0 MW), and two years later (1962) the Tryszczyn equalizing
reservoir with a 3.3 MW power plant [13].
At the end of the 1960s, the construction of the Soła cascade was started, building
a dam in Tresna in 1967 above Por˛ abka, with a 21 MW power station next to it.
In 1968, the dam in Solina on the San River was put into use, forming the largest
storage reservoir in Poland with a capacity of 472 million m
3 , and the mixed, pumped
storage power plant installed at it reached the power of 136 MW. Finally, in 1970, the
only channelized stage of the lower Vistula in Włocławek was commissioned with a
160.2 MW post-peak power plant. In the same year, the first Polish pumped storage
power station of 156 MW was created in the north of the country, using two lakes
(Kamienno and Kwiecko) with a head of 80 m [15], for which post-war Dychów was
a somewhat experimental facility.
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka and L. Szcz˛ ech
created at that time, including mainly those, started previously, with a capacity of
only 3.2 MW, among them the largest (2.64 MW) Pierzchała on Pasł˛ eka River [13].
In the first 10 years after the war, there was an increase in the number of hydroelectric power plants in Poland using, in particular, the flood storage reservoirs that
were being built at that time. 38 professional hydropower plants were built at that
time, with a capacity of 68 MW, including the first two power plants built on the
Wda River (Czarna Woda) in Pomerania: Gródek (3.9 MW) and ˙
Zur (9.0 MW).
The construction of the power plants in Gródek and ˙
Zur was closely related to the
intensive electrification of the country but also contributed to the development of
water tourism. Among others, on the initiative of Hoffmann in 1931, the “Wda”
Kayak Club was created at the ˙
Zur hydroelectric power plant [14]. The 1930s were
characterized by a large increase in power (99.5 MW), thanks to the construction of
a larger water power plant in Lower Silesia and Pomerania, and especially a large
plant in Dychów on the lower Bóbr in 1936 (79.5 MW). Large shipping reservoirs
were built on the tributaries of the Odra River: Otmuchów on Nysa Kłodzka in 1933
(4.8 MW) and Turawa on Mała Panew in 1937 (1.8 MW); the construction of these
reservoirs was completed only in 1948.
During the Second World War and in the first post-war years, no new hydropower
facilities were created in the Regained Territories. In 1942, the construction of the
dam and hydropower plant (HP) in Ro˙ znów (50.0 MW) on the Dunajec River was
completed, and in 1949 a similar equalizing reservoir and a hydropower plant (second
stage of the cascade) were completed below in Czchów (8.0 MW). The construction
of the storage reservoir in Turawa and others, damaged during military operations,
was completed. It was not until the 1950s that Dychów was rebuilt and re-opened
– the largest power plant on the lower Bóbr – the first mixed, pumped storage HP
with 4 independent pump units.
At the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, there was a revival of the energy use of Polish
rivers – new hydropower plants were being built. Taking advantage of the necessity
to put another Odra channelized stage in Brzeg Dolny, in 1958 the Wały ´
Sl˛ askie
power station was built there (9.8 MW). Already in 1960, it was the turn of one
of the larger lowland reservoirs: Koronowo on the Brda, where a large power plant
was constructed (26.0 MW), and two years later (1962) the Tryszczyn equalizing
reservoir with a 3.3 MW power plant [13].
At the end of the 1960s, the construction of the Soła cascade was started, building
a dam in Tresna in 1967 above Por˛ abka, with a 21 MW power station next to it.
In 1968, the dam in Solina on the San River was put into use, forming the largest
storage reservoir in Poland with a capacity of 472 million m
3 , and the mixed, pumped
storage power plant installed at it reached the power of 136 MW. Finally, in 1970, the
only channelized stage of the lower Vistula in Włocławek was commissioned with a
160.2 MW post-peak power plant. In the same year, the first Polish pumped storage
power station of 156 MW was created in the north of the country, using two lakes
(Kamienno and Kwiecko) with a head of 80 m [15], for which post-war Dychów was
a somewhat experimental facility.