16 Water Management in the Pomeranian Rivers Estuary Zone …
321
16.7 Conclusion
The Pomeranian catchments water cycle depends less on local factors is determined
by atmospheric precipitation. The favourable infiltration conditions, numerous lakes,
endorheic areas, wetlands and significant areas with high ground retention capabilities are providing the underground supply. The annual cycle of changes in the volume
and forms of supply modifies the seasonality of outflow and all studied rivers have a
unit outflow higher than the average for Poland (estimated at 5.6 dm
2 s
−1 km
2 ). The
highest values (over 400 mm) of the runoff layer of the studied rivers’ catchment
water resources is determined by the Grabowa River.
The unique role in the potamic outflow of the Pomeranian rivers play coastal lakes
which are often connected with the sea by engineered sections of rivers. The lakes
form an extension of the main drainage base on the mainland, constituting a regional
base. The convergent rhythm of variations in the level of lakes with sea fluctuations
also is exerted by the polder systems with enforced water circulation. The long-term
changes in the main drainage base cause an increase in the level of coastal lakes,
that in result, they may influence the decrease of potamic and groundwater outflow
towards the sea, and increase the entry of sea waters into the land.
The high concentration of nutrients and some other substances in the coastal
waters is mainly due to the rivers carrying pollution load, but only a particular part
of nutrients from various sources in the catchment get to the water.
Retention and loss of the nitrogen occur mainly in the source sections and the
phosphorus - in the downstream part. The pollution volume is determined by land
use in the catchment and the size and location of the point, linear and area pollution
sources.
The flood risks results from temporal variability of water resources manifested in
their seasonal abundance and resulting from the excessive inflow of allochthonous
waters or inhibition in free flow and because of the existing drainage system turns
out to be less efficient and useful, due to the opposite directions of water runoff.
16.8 Recommendation
According to the definition of water management, the work presented includes the
determination of water resources in the area of Pomerania, which can be rationally
used for the needs of the natural and social environment. Such studies should be
repeated periodically, due to unfavorably changing climatic conditions that visibly
change also water resources, and thus affect periodic shortages or excess water.
The work is addressed to authorities at various levels (local, regional and national)
responsible for proper water management, waste management, spatial management
and agriculture, which are directly or indirectly dependent on water or affect its
quality. The study should be of particular importance for institutions dealing with
flood risks and protection, such as Maritime Offices, for water construction enterprises and establishments of municipal economy. Pomeranian rivers are contaminated
321
16.7 Conclusion
The Pomeranian catchments water cycle depends less on local factors is determined
by atmospheric precipitation. The favourable infiltration conditions, numerous lakes,
endorheic areas, wetlands and significant areas with high ground retention capabilities are providing the underground supply. The annual cycle of changes in the volume
and forms of supply modifies the seasonality of outflow and all studied rivers have a
unit outflow higher than the average for Poland (estimated at 5.6 dm
2 s
−1 km
2 ). The
highest values (over 400 mm) of the runoff layer of the studied rivers’ catchment
water resources is determined by the Grabowa River.
The unique role in the potamic outflow of the Pomeranian rivers play coastal lakes
which are often connected with the sea by engineered sections of rivers. The lakes
form an extension of the main drainage base on the mainland, constituting a regional
base. The convergent rhythm of variations in the level of lakes with sea fluctuations
also is exerted by the polder systems with enforced water circulation. The long-term
changes in the main drainage base cause an increase in the level of coastal lakes,
that in result, they may influence the decrease of potamic and groundwater outflow
towards the sea, and increase the entry of sea waters into the land.
The high concentration of nutrients and some other substances in the coastal
waters is mainly due to the rivers carrying pollution load, but only a particular part
of nutrients from various sources in the catchment get to the water.
Retention and loss of the nitrogen occur mainly in the source sections and the
phosphorus - in the downstream part. The pollution volume is determined by land
use in the catchment and the size and location of the point, linear and area pollution
sources.
The flood risks results from temporal variability of water resources manifested in
their seasonal abundance and resulting from the excessive inflow of allochthonous
waters or inhibition in free flow and because of the existing drainage system turns
out to be less efficient and useful, due to the opposite directions of water runoff.
16.8 Recommendation
According to the definition of water management, the work presented includes the
determination of water resources in the area of Pomerania, which can be rationally
used for the needs of the natural and social environment. Such studies should be
repeated periodically, due to unfavorably changing climatic conditions that visibly
change also water resources, and thus affect periodic shortages or excess water.
The work is addressed to authorities at various levels (local, regional and national)
responsible for proper water management, waste management, spatial management
and agriculture, which are directly or indirectly dependent on water or affect its
quality. The study should be of particular importance for institutions dealing with
flood risks and protection, such as Maritime Offices, for water construction enterprises and establishments of municipal economy. Pomeranian rivers are contaminated