2 Water Resources and Management of Poland in SCOPUS Database
19
• The amendments of the “Water Law” act signed by Poland should harmonize with
the EU legislations and international agreements.
2.9 Conclusions
This chapter aims at providing an overview of the essential water resources in Poland.
It can be concluded that:
• Poland comprises several freshwater resources retained in surface water bodies
and within soil layers.
• In Poland, the main four rivers are Vistula, Warta, Oder, and Bug; the essential three lakes are ´
Sniardwy, Mamry, and Łebsko; the main dams are Solina,
Pilchowice, Czorsztyn-Niedzica, Swinna Poreba, and Roznow; the major reservoirs are Czorsztyn, Dobczyce, Goczałkowice, Jeziorsko, and Koronowo.
• In 2017, renewable water resources in Poland reached 61 billion m
3 per year,
providing an annual water resource of 1585 m
3 per capita.
• Based on the SCOPUS database, the total number of published documents that
handled the water issues in Poland during 2011–2019 was approximately two-fold
that during 2001–2010.
• Proper awareness, frameworks, and scientific meetings that address the environmental and health issues should be delivered to residents and farmers.
• The government should give significant actions for rainwater harvesting and
wastewater reuse to overcome future water demands.
• The findings obtained from this chapter would support the government, policymakers, and scientists dealing with all problems of water resources in
Poland.
Acknowledgements The first author would like to acknowledge Nasr Academy for Sustainable
Environment (NASE).
References
1. [Online]. Available https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/poland-population/.
Accessed 25 Dec 2019
2. [Online]. Available https://stat.gov.pl/en/basic-data/. Accessed 25 Dec 2019
3. Gilewski P, Nawalany M (2018) Inter-comparison of rain-gauge, radar, and satellite (IMERG
GPM) precipitation estimates performance for rainfall-runoff modeling in a mountainous
catchment in Poland. Water 10(11):1665
4. Jaiswal M, Hussain J, Gupta S, Nasr M, Nema A (2019) Comprehensive evaluation of water
quality status for entire stretch of Yamuna river, India. Environ Monit Assess 191(4):208
5. [Online]. Available https://www.worldometers.info/water/poland-water/. Accessed 25 Dec
2019
19
• The amendments of the “Water Law” act signed by Poland should harmonize with
the EU legislations and international agreements.
2.9 Conclusions
This chapter aims at providing an overview of the essential water resources in Poland.
It can be concluded that:
• Poland comprises several freshwater resources retained in surface water bodies
and within soil layers.
• In Poland, the main four rivers are Vistula, Warta, Oder, and Bug; the essential three lakes are ´
Sniardwy, Mamry, and Łebsko; the main dams are Solina,
Pilchowice, Czorsztyn-Niedzica, Swinna Poreba, and Roznow; the major reservoirs are Czorsztyn, Dobczyce, Goczałkowice, Jeziorsko, and Koronowo.
• In 2017, renewable water resources in Poland reached 61 billion m
3 per year,
providing an annual water resource of 1585 m
3 per capita.
• Based on the SCOPUS database, the total number of published documents that
handled the water issues in Poland during 2011–2019 was approximately two-fold
that during 2001–2010.
• Proper awareness, frameworks, and scientific meetings that address the environmental and health issues should be delivered to residents and farmers.
• The government should give significant actions for rainwater harvesting and
wastewater reuse to overcome future water demands.
• The findings obtained from this chapter would support the government, policymakers, and scientists dealing with all problems of water resources in
Poland.
Acknowledgements The first author would like to acknowledge Nasr Academy for Sustainable
Environment (NASE).
References
1. [Online]. Available https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/poland-population/.
Accessed 25 Dec 2019
2. [Online]. Available https://stat.gov.pl/en/basic-data/. Accessed 25 Dec 2019
3. Gilewski P, Nawalany M (2018) Inter-comparison of rain-gauge, radar, and satellite (IMERG
GPM) precipitation estimates performance for rainfall-runoff modeling in a mountainous
catchment in Poland. Water 10(11):1665
4. Jaiswal M, Hussain J, Gupta S, Nasr M, Nema A (2019) Comprehensive evaluation of water
quality status for entire stretch of Yamuna river, India. Environ Monit Assess 191(4):208
5. [Online]. Available https://www.worldometers.info/water/poland-water/. Accessed 25 Dec
2019