25. Flemming HC, Wingender J (2001) Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances
(EPSs) - part I: structural and ecological aspects. Water Sci Technol J Int Assoc Water Pollut
Res 43:1–8
26. More TT, Yadav JS, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY (2014) Extracellular polymeric substances of bacteria and their potential environmental applications. J Environ Manag 144:1–25
27. Wingender J, Thomas RN, Flemming H-C (1999) Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: characterization, structure and function. Springer, Berlin
28. Shahnavaz B, Maroof S, Karrabi M, Mashreghi M (2015) Characterization and molecular
identification of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing bacteria from activated
sludge. J Cell Mol Res 7(2):86–93
29. Nouha K, Kumar RS, Balasubramanian S, Tyagi RD (2018) Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation. J Environ Sci (China) 66:225–245
30. Clarke R, Peyton D, Healy MG, Fenton O, Cummins E (2017) A quantitative microbial risk
assessment model for total coliforms and E. coli in surface runoff following application of
biosolids to grassland. Environ Pollut 224:739–750
31. Tao J, Wu S, Sun L, Tan X, Yu S, Zhang Z (2012) Composition of waste sludge from
municipal wastewater treatment plant. Procedia Environ Sci 12:964–971
32. Clarke BO, Smith SR (2011) Review of emerging organic contaminants in biosolids and
assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids. Environ Int
37:226–247
33. Mantovi P, Baldoni G, Toderi G (2005) Reuse of liquid, dewatered, and composted sewage
sludge on agricultural land: effects of long-term application on soil and crop. Water Res
39:289–296
34. Chan WP, Wang JY (2018) Characterisation of sludge for pyrolysis conversion process based
on biomass composition analysis and simulation of pyrolytic properties. Waste Manag
72:274–286
35. Wang B-B, Liu X-T, Chen J-M, Peng D-C, He F (2018) Composition and functional group
characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts
of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. Water Res 129:133–142
36. Colman BP, Espinasse B, Richardson CJ, Matson CW, Lowry GV, Hunt DE, Wiesner MR,
Bernhardt ES (2014) Emerging contaminant or an old toxin in disguise? Silver nanoparticle
impacts on ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol 48:5229–5236
37. Ferreiro-Dominguez N, Rigueiro-Rodriguez A, Mosquera-Losada MR (2012) Sewage sludge
fertiliser use: implications for soil and plant copper evolution in forest and agronomic soils. Sci
Total Environ 424:39–47
38. Behra P, Cognet P (2013) Chimie et environnement: cours, étude de cas et exercices corrigés.
Dunod, Paris, pp 240–273
39. Motoyama M, Nakagawa S, Tanoue R, Sato Y, Nomiyama K, Shinohara R (2011) Residues of
pharmaceutical products in recycled organic manure produced from sewage sludge and solid
waste from livestock and relationship to their fermentation level. Chemosphere 84:432–438
40. Tatabai MA, Frankenberger Jr WT (1979) Chemical composition of sewage sludge in Iowa.
Iowa Agric Home Econ Exp Stn Res Bull 36(586):934–944
41. EPA (2002) Biosolids applied to land: advancing standards and practices. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC. 282pp
42. Ferreiro-Domínguez N, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Mosquera-Losada MR (2012) Sewage sludge
fertiliser use: implications for soil and plant copper evolution in forest and agronomic soils. Sci
Total Environ 424:39–47
43. Zhang X, Xiang N, Wang W, Liao W, Yang X, Shui W, Wu J, Deng S (2018) An emergy
evaluation of the sewage sludge treatment system with earthworm compositing technology in
Chengdu, China. Ecol Eng 110:8–17
44. Amiard J-C (2017) Les risques chimiques environnementaux: méthodes d'évaluation et
impacts sur les organismes. Lavoisier, Paris
45. Rooklidge SJ (2004) Environmental antimicrobial contamination from terraccumulation and
diffuse pollution pathways. Sci Total Environ 325:1–13
Environmental, Economic, and Ethical Assessment of the Treated Wastewater and. . .
75
(EPSs) - part I: structural and ecological aspects. Water Sci Technol J Int Assoc Water Pollut
Res 43:1–8
26. More TT, Yadav JS, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY (2014) Extracellular polymeric substances of bacteria and their potential environmental applications. J Environ Manag 144:1–25
27. Wingender J, Thomas RN, Flemming H-C (1999) Microbial extracellular polymeric substances: characterization, structure and function. Springer, Berlin
28. Shahnavaz B, Maroof S, Karrabi M, Mashreghi M (2015) Characterization and molecular
identification of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing bacteria from activated
sludge. J Cell Mol Res 7(2):86–93
29. Nouha K, Kumar RS, Balasubramanian S, Tyagi RD (2018) Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation. J Environ Sci (China) 66:225–245
30. Clarke R, Peyton D, Healy MG, Fenton O, Cummins E (2017) A quantitative microbial risk
assessment model for total coliforms and E. coli in surface runoff following application of
biosolids to grassland. Environ Pollut 224:739–750
31. Tao J, Wu S, Sun L, Tan X, Yu S, Zhang Z (2012) Composition of waste sludge from
municipal wastewater treatment plant. Procedia Environ Sci 12:964–971
32. Clarke BO, Smith SR (2011) Review of emerging organic contaminants in biosolids and
assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids. Environ Int
37:226–247
33. Mantovi P, Baldoni G, Toderi G (2005) Reuse of liquid, dewatered, and composted sewage
sludge on agricultural land: effects of long-term application on soil and crop. Water Res
39:289–296
34. Chan WP, Wang JY (2018) Characterisation of sludge for pyrolysis conversion process based
on biomass composition analysis and simulation of pyrolytic properties. Waste Manag
72:274–286
35. Wang B-B, Liu X-T, Chen J-M, Peng D-C, He F (2018) Composition and functional group
characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts
of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. Water Res 129:133–142
36. Colman BP, Espinasse B, Richardson CJ, Matson CW, Lowry GV, Hunt DE, Wiesner MR,
Bernhardt ES (2014) Emerging contaminant or an old toxin in disguise? Silver nanoparticle
impacts on ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol 48:5229–5236
37. Ferreiro-Dominguez N, Rigueiro-Rodriguez A, Mosquera-Losada MR (2012) Sewage sludge
fertiliser use: implications for soil and plant copper evolution in forest and agronomic soils. Sci
Total Environ 424:39–47
38. Behra P, Cognet P (2013) Chimie et environnement: cours, étude de cas et exercices corrigés.
Dunod, Paris, pp 240–273
39. Motoyama M, Nakagawa S, Tanoue R, Sato Y, Nomiyama K, Shinohara R (2011) Residues of
pharmaceutical products in recycled organic manure produced from sewage sludge and solid
waste from livestock and relationship to their fermentation level. Chemosphere 84:432–438
40. Tatabai MA, Frankenberger Jr WT (1979) Chemical composition of sewage sludge in Iowa.
Iowa Agric Home Econ Exp Stn Res Bull 36(586):934–944
41. EPA (2002) Biosolids applied to land: advancing standards and practices. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC. 282pp
42. Ferreiro-Domínguez N, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Mosquera-Losada MR (2012) Sewage sludge
fertiliser use: implications for soil and plant copper evolution in forest and agronomic soils. Sci
Total Environ 424:39–47
43. Zhang X, Xiang N, Wang W, Liao W, Yang X, Shui W, Wu J, Deng S (2018) An emergy
evaluation of the sewage sludge treatment system with earthworm compositing technology in
Chengdu, China. Ecol Eng 110:8–17
44. Amiard J-C (2017) Les risques chimiques environnementaux: méthodes d'évaluation et
impacts sur les organismes. Lavoisier, Paris
45. Rooklidge SJ (2004) Environmental antimicrobial contamination from terraccumulation and
diffuse pollution pathways. Sci Total Environ 325:1–13
Environmental, Economic, and Ethical Assessment of the Treated Wastewater and. . .
75