14. Morsi R, Bilal M, Iqbal HM, Ashraf SS (2020) Laccases and peroxidases: the smart, greener
and futuristic biocatalytic tools to mitigate recalcitrant emerging pollutants. Sci Total Environ
714:136572
15. Lapworth DJ, Baran N, Stuart ME, Ward RS (2012) Emerging organic contaminants in
groundwater: a review of sources, fate and occurrence. Environ Pollut 163:287–303
16. Bueno MM, Gomez MJ, Herrera S, Hernando MD, Agüera A, Fernández-Alba AR (2012)
Occurrence and persistence of organic emerging contaminants and priority pollutants in five
sewage treatment plants of Spain: two years pilot survey monitoring. Environ Pollut
164:267–273
17. Boxall AB (2004) The environmental side effects of medication: how are human and veterinary
medicines in soils and water bodies affecting human and environmental health? EMBO Rep 5
(12):1110–1116
18. Carvalho IT, Santos L (2016) Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: a review of the European
scenario. Environ Int 94:736–757
19. Daniels K, Daugherty JD, Jones J, Mosher WD (2015) Current contraceptive use and variation
by selected characteristics among women aged 15-44: United States, 2011-2013. Natl Health
Stat Rep 86:1–15
20. Daniels K, Mosher WD, Jones J (2013) Contraceptive methods women have ever used: United
States, 1982-2010. Natl Health Stat Rep 62:1–15
21. Kavanaugh ML, Jerman J (2018) Contraceptive method use in the United States: trends and
characteristics between 2008, 2012 and 2014. Contraception 97(1):14–21
22. Mosher WD, Jones J (2010) Use of contraception in the United States: 1982-2008. In: Vital and
health statistics. Series 23, data from the national survey of family growth, vol 29, pp 1–44
23. Metcalfe C, Miao XS, Hua W, Letcher R, Servos M (2004) Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian
environment. In: Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Springer, Berlin, pp 67–90
24. Mellon M, Benbrook C, Benbrook KL (2001) Hogging it: estimates of antimicrobial abuse in
livestock. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge
25. Nawaz MS, Erickson BD, Khan AA, Khan SA, Pothuluri JV, Rafii F et al (2002) Human health
impact and regulatory issues involving antimicrobial resistance in the food animal production
environment. Res Perspect J 1(1):1–10
26. Korada SK, Yarla NS, Putta S, Hanumakonda AS, Lakkappa DB, Bishayee A et al (2018) A
critical appraisal of different food safety and quality management tools to accomplish food
safety. In: Food safety and preservation. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 1–12. https://doi.org/
10.1016/B978-0-12-814956-0.00001-9
27. Akici A, Aydin V, Kiroglu A (2018) Assessment of the association between drug disposal
practices and drug use and storage behaviors. Saudi Pharm J 26(1):7–13
28. Ben Y, Fu C, Hu M, Liu L, Wong MH, Zheng C (2019) Human health risk assessment of
antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: a review. Environ
Res 169:483–493
29. de Oliveira M, Frihling BEF, Velasques J, Magalhães Filho FJC, Cavalheri PS, Migliolo L
(2020) Pharmaceuticals residues and xenobiotics contaminants: occurrence, analytical techniques and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 705:135568
30. Glassmeyer ST, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, Cahill JD, Zaugg SD, Werner SL et al (2005)
Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: potential
for use as indicators of human fecal contamination. Environ Sci Technol 39(14):5157–5169
31. He K, Borthwick AG, Lin Y, Li Y, Fu J, Wong Y, Liu W (2020) Sale-based estimation of
pharmaceutical concentrations and associated environmental risk in the Japanese wastewater
system. Environ Int 139:105690
32. Kümmerer K (2010) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Annu Rev Environ Resour 35:57–75
33. Azuma T, Otomo K, Kunitou M, Shimizu M, Hosomaru K, Mikata S et al (2019) Environmental fate of pharmaceutical compounds and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospital
effluents, and contributions to pollutant loads in the surface waters in Japan. Sci Total Environ
657:476–484
Sources of Pharmaceuticals in Water
45
and futuristic biocatalytic tools to mitigate recalcitrant emerging pollutants. Sci Total Environ
714:136572
15. Lapworth DJ, Baran N, Stuart ME, Ward RS (2012) Emerging organic contaminants in
groundwater: a review of sources, fate and occurrence. Environ Pollut 163:287–303
16. Bueno MM, Gomez MJ, Herrera S, Hernando MD, Agüera A, Fernández-Alba AR (2012)
Occurrence and persistence of organic emerging contaminants and priority pollutants in five
sewage treatment plants of Spain: two years pilot survey monitoring. Environ Pollut
164:267–273
17. Boxall AB (2004) The environmental side effects of medication: how are human and veterinary
medicines in soils and water bodies affecting human and environmental health? EMBO Rep 5
(12):1110–1116
18. Carvalho IT, Santos L (2016) Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: a review of the European
scenario. Environ Int 94:736–757
19. Daniels K, Daugherty JD, Jones J, Mosher WD (2015) Current contraceptive use and variation
by selected characteristics among women aged 15-44: United States, 2011-2013. Natl Health
Stat Rep 86:1–15
20. Daniels K, Mosher WD, Jones J (2013) Contraceptive methods women have ever used: United
States, 1982-2010. Natl Health Stat Rep 62:1–15
21. Kavanaugh ML, Jerman J (2018) Contraceptive method use in the United States: trends and
characteristics between 2008, 2012 and 2014. Contraception 97(1):14–21
22. Mosher WD, Jones J (2010) Use of contraception in the United States: 1982-2008. In: Vital and
health statistics. Series 23, data from the national survey of family growth, vol 29, pp 1–44
23. Metcalfe C, Miao XS, Hua W, Letcher R, Servos M (2004) Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian
environment. In: Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Springer, Berlin, pp 67–90
24. Mellon M, Benbrook C, Benbrook KL (2001) Hogging it: estimates of antimicrobial abuse in
livestock. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge
25. Nawaz MS, Erickson BD, Khan AA, Khan SA, Pothuluri JV, Rafii F et al (2002) Human health
impact and regulatory issues involving antimicrobial resistance in the food animal production
environment. Res Perspect J 1(1):1–10
26. Korada SK, Yarla NS, Putta S, Hanumakonda AS, Lakkappa DB, Bishayee A et al (2018) A
critical appraisal of different food safety and quality management tools to accomplish food
safety. In: Food safety and preservation. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 1–12. https://doi.org/
10.1016/B978-0-12-814956-0.00001-9
27. Akici A, Aydin V, Kiroglu A (2018) Assessment of the association between drug disposal
practices and drug use and storage behaviors. Saudi Pharm J 26(1):7–13
28. Ben Y, Fu C, Hu M, Liu L, Wong MH, Zheng C (2019) Human health risk assessment of
antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: a review. Environ
Res 169:483–493
29. de Oliveira M, Frihling BEF, Velasques J, Magalhães Filho FJC, Cavalheri PS, Migliolo L
(2020) Pharmaceuticals residues and xenobiotics contaminants: occurrence, analytical techniques and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 705:135568
30. Glassmeyer ST, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, Cahill JD, Zaugg SD, Werner SL et al (2005)
Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: potential
for use as indicators of human fecal contamination. Environ Sci Technol 39(14):5157–5169
31. He K, Borthwick AG, Lin Y, Li Y, Fu J, Wong Y, Liu W (2020) Sale-based estimation of
pharmaceutical concentrations and associated environmental risk in the Japanese wastewater
system. Environ Int 139:105690
32. Kümmerer K (2010) Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Annu Rev Environ Resour 35:57–75
33. Azuma T, Otomo K, Kunitou M, Shimizu M, Hosomaru K, Mikata S et al (2019) Environmental fate of pharmaceutical compounds and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospital
effluents, and contributions to pollutant loads in the surface waters in Japan. Sci Total Environ
657:476–484
Sources of Pharmaceuticals in Water
45