Analytical Approaches
for the Determination and Identification
of Drug Metabolites in Plants After Uptake
Franz Mlynek, Markus Himmelsbach, Wolfgang Buchberger,
and Christian W. Klampfl
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
2 Experimental Approaches for Investigating the Uptake of Drugs by Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
2.1 Strategies for the Growing of Plants and Their Treatment with Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
2.2 Harvesting and Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
3 Approaches for Metabolite Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
4 More Detailed Discussion of Papers Published Within This Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
4.1 Carbamazepine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
4.2 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
4.3 Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
4.4 Other Drugs for Use in Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
4.5 Drugs for Veterinary Use Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
4.6 Personal Care Products . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 516
5 Conclusions and Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Abstract The present chapter gives an overview of analytical methodologies
employed for the identification and quantitation of metabolites formed in plants or
plant cell cultures from drugs and personal care products after uptake from water or
soil. Important aspects like experimental approaches for plant growing, extraction of
the investigated analytes from plants, preconcentration strategies, and final analytical
techniques allowing the proposal of (at least tentative) structures for drug-related
metabolites are discussed. Special emphasis is also set on the elucidation of translocation processes by analyzing different plant parts. In one table, a comprehensive
F. Mlynek, M. Himmelsbach, W. Buchberger, and C. W. Klampfl (*)
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-University Linz, Linz, Austria
e-mail: christian.klampfl@jku.at
Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.),
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of
Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem (2021) 103: 493–524, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_629,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 2 September 2020
493
for the Determination and Identification
of Drug Metabolites in Plants After Uptake
Franz Mlynek, Markus Himmelsbach, Wolfgang Buchberger,
and Christian W. Klampfl
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
2 Experimental Approaches for Investigating the Uptake of Drugs by Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
2.1 Strategies for the Growing of Plants and Their Treatment with Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
2.2 Harvesting and Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
3 Approaches for Metabolite Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
4 More Detailed Discussion of Papers Published Within This Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
4.1 Carbamazepine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
4.2 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
4.3 Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
4.4 Other Drugs for Use in Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
4.5 Drugs for Veterinary Use Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
4.6 Personal Care Products . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 516
5 Conclusions and Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Abstract The present chapter gives an overview of analytical methodologies
employed for the identification and quantitation of metabolites formed in plants or
plant cell cultures from drugs and personal care products after uptake from water or
soil. Important aspects like experimental approaches for plant growing, extraction of
the investigated analytes from plants, preconcentration strategies, and final analytical
techniques allowing the proposal of (at least tentative) structures for drug-related
metabolites are discussed. Special emphasis is also set on the elucidation of translocation processes by analyzing different plant parts. In one table, a comprehensive
F. Mlynek, M. Himmelsbach, W. Buchberger, and C. W. Klampfl (*)
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes-Kepler-University Linz, Linz, Austria
e-mail: christian.klampfl@jku.at
Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.),
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of
Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem (2021) 103: 493–524, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_629,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 2 September 2020
493