Naproxen
72
Æ 23 (34)
c
50
Æ 22 (28)
63
Æ 26 (42) 75
Æ 17 (8)
64
Æ 24 (24) The removal efficiency with VF was significantly
higher compared with SF, HSSF and hybrid
Ofloxacin
60
Æ 27 (13)
b
NA
98
Æ 4 (13) 87
Æ 10 (3)
NA
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Ranitidine
62
Æ 37 (4)
b
79
Æ 20 (3)
36
Æ 8 (4)
NA
NA
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
higher compared with HSSF
Salicylic acid
98 (2)
f
76
Æ 19 (15)
79
Æ 21 (20) 98 (1)
86
Æ 17 (15) Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sotalol
35
Æ 34 (7)
b
15
Æ 8 (3)
18
Æ 12 (3)
NA
82 (1)
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfadiazine
92
Æ 10 (5)
b
61
Æ 35 (10)
46
Æ 30 (6)
52
Æ 22 (12) NA
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfamethazine
72
Æ 48 (3)
b
48
Æ 48 (9)
45
Æ 27 (21) 35
Æ 30 (12) 74 (1)
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfamethoxazole 52
Æ 29 (24)
c
54
Æ 29 (13)
43
Æ 24 (10) 54
Æ 29 (14) 61
Æ 31 (7)
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfapyridine
52
Æ 44 (4)
b
79
Æ 4 (6)
84
Æ 3 (6)
84
Æ 5 (12)
99 (1)
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
lower compared with HSSF and VF
Tramadol
23
Æ 27 (2)
b
23
Æ 22 (5)
58
Æ 42 (11) 46
Æ 42 (2)
NA
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
lower compared with HSSF
Trimethoprim
32
Æ 31 (26)
c
70
Æ 21 (15)
65
Æ 31 (12) 69
Æ 27 (12) 96
Æ 5 (3)
The removal efficiency with hybrid was significantly
higher compared with HSSF
Venlafaxine
20
Æ 11 (1)
g
43
Æ 26 (5)
5.1
Æ 3.6 (3)
40
Æ 21 (2)
63
Æ 4 (2)
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
higher compared with HSSF
n
number of observations; NA not available
a
Values and statistical results reprinted from Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Ilyas and van Hullebusch 2020, Performance comparison of
different types of constructed wetlands for the removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products: a review, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-02008165-w, Copyright (2020), with permission from Springer Nature [28]
b
Calculated from metadata from [82]
c
Calculated from metadata from [56]
d
From [114]
e
Negative removal reported by [113]
f
From [115]
g
From [116]
Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal
393
72
Æ 23 (34)
c
50
Æ 22 (28)
63
Æ 26 (42) 75
Æ 17 (8)
64
Æ 24 (24) The removal efficiency with VF was significantly
higher compared with SF, HSSF and hybrid
Ofloxacin
60
Æ 27 (13)
b
NA
98
Æ 4 (13) 87
Æ 10 (3)
NA
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Ranitidine
62
Æ 37 (4)
b
79
Æ 20 (3)
36
Æ 8 (4)
NA
NA
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
higher compared with HSSF
Salicylic acid
98 (2)
f
76
Æ 19 (15)
79
Æ 21 (20) 98 (1)
86
Æ 17 (15) Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sotalol
35
Æ 34 (7)
b
15
Æ 8 (3)
18
Æ 12 (3)
NA
82 (1)
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfadiazine
92
Æ 10 (5)
b
61
Æ 35 (10)
46
Æ 30 (6)
52
Æ 22 (12) NA
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfamethazine
72
Æ 48 (3)
b
48
Æ 48 (9)
45
Æ 27 (21) 35
Æ 30 (12) 74 (1)
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfamethoxazole 52
Æ 29 (24)
c
54
Æ 29 (13)
43
Æ 24 (10) 54
Æ 29 (14) 61
Æ 31 (7)
Non-significant differences in removal efficiency
Sulfapyridine
52
Æ 44 (4)
b
79
Æ 4 (6)
84
Æ 3 (6)
84
Æ 5 (12)
99 (1)
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
lower compared with HSSF and VF
Tramadol
23
Æ 27 (2)
b
23
Æ 22 (5)
58
Æ 42 (11) 46
Æ 42 (2)
NA
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
lower compared with HSSF
Trimethoprim
32
Æ 31 (26)
c
70
Æ 21 (15)
65
Æ 31 (12) 69
Æ 27 (12) 96
Æ 5 (3)
The removal efficiency with hybrid was significantly
higher compared with HSSF
Venlafaxine
20
Æ 11 (1)
g
43
Æ 26 (5)
5.1
Æ 3.6 (3)
40
Æ 21 (2)
63
Æ 4 (2)
The removal efficiency with SF was significantly
higher compared with HSSF
n
number of observations; NA not available
a
Values and statistical results reprinted from Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Ilyas and van Hullebusch 2020, Performance comparison of
different types of constructed wetlands for the removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products: a review, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-02008165-w, Copyright (2020), with permission from Springer Nature [28]
b
Calculated from metadata from [82]
c
Calculated from metadata from [56]
d
From [114]
e
Negative removal reported by [113]
f
From [115]
g
From [116]
Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal
393