Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
Sara Gallego and Fabrice Martin-Laurent
Contents
1 Ways of Entrance of PhACs in Arable Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
2 Processes Involved in the Fate of PhACs in Arable Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
3 Impact of PhACs on in Soil Living Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 270
3.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID): Naproxen, Ibuprofen,
and Diclofenac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
3.2 Other Analgesics and Antipyretics: Paracetamol or Acetaminophen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
3.3 Antidepressants: Fluoxetine (Prozac) and Citalopram Hydrobromide (Celexa) . . . . . 275
3.4 Antiepileptics: Carbamazepine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
3.5 Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
3.6 Antiseptics and Disinfectants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
3.7 Antifungals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
4 Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Abstract The use of reclaimed water in crop irrigation helps to mitigate water
shortage. The fertilization of arable soils with sewage sludge, biosolids, or livestock
manure reduces extensive application of synthetic fertilizers. However, both practices lead to the introduction of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in arable
soil, known to host a wide range of living organisms, including microorganisms
which are supporting numerous ecosystem services. In soils, the fate of PhACs is
governed by different abiotic and biotic processes. Among them, soil sorption and
microbial transformation are the most important ones and determine the fate, occurrence, and dispersion of PhACs into the different compartments of the environment.
The presence of PhACs in soils can compromise the abundance, diversity, and
activity of the soil microbial community which is one of the key players in a range
of soil ecosystem services. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the effects
S. Gallego and F. Martin-Laurent (*)
AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ Bourgogne, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie,
Dijon, France
e-mail: fabrice.martin@inrae.fr
Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.),
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of
Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem (2021) 103: 267–310, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_616,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 5 August 2020
267
Sara Gallego and Fabrice Martin-Laurent
Contents
1 Ways of Entrance of PhACs in Arable Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
2 Processes Involved in the Fate of PhACs in Arable Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
3 Impact of PhACs on in Soil Living Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 270
3.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID): Naproxen, Ibuprofen,
and Diclofenac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
3.2 Other Analgesics and Antipyretics: Paracetamol or Acetaminophen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
3.3 Antidepressants: Fluoxetine (Prozac) and Citalopram Hydrobromide (Celexa) . . . . . 275
3.4 Antiepileptics: Carbamazepine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
3.5 Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
3.6 Antiseptics and Disinfectants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
3.7 Antifungals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
4 Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Abstract The use of reclaimed water in crop irrigation helps to mitigate water
shortage. The fertilization of arable soils with sewage sludge, biosolids, or livestock
manure reduces extensive application of synthetic fertilizers. However, both practices lead to the introduction of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in arable
soil, known to host a wide range of living organisms, including microorganisms
which are supporting numerous ecosystem services. In soils, the fate of PhACs is
governed by different abiotic and biotic processes. Among them, soil sorption and
microbial transformation are the most important ones and determine the fate, occurrence, and dispersion of PhACs into the different compartments of the environment.
The presence of PhACs in soils can compromise the abundance, diversity, and
activity of the soil microbial community which is one of the key players in a range
of soil ecosystem services. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the effects
S. Gallego and F. Martin-Laurent (*)
AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ Bourgogne, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie,
Dijon, France
e-mail: fabrice.martin@inrae.fr
Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.),
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of
Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem (2021) 103: 267–310, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_616,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 5 August 2020
267