Table 1
Pharmaceutical compounds detected in edible plant tissues irrigated with treated wastewater
Compound
Experiment
type
Concentration
(ng/g or ng/L)
a
Plant species
Tissue
concentration
(ng/g)
Fresh weight (FW)
or dry weight (DW
BCF Location
Reference
Acetaminophen
Field
200
Maize
27.5
DW
NA
Jarama River
subbasin, Spain
[14]
Amitriptyline
Greenhouse
70
Lettuce
1.5
FW
NA
Spain
[15]
Atenolol
Field
850
Cabbage
55.0
FW
1.4
Al Hayer, Saudi
Arabia
[11]
Semi-field
492
Maize
1.2
FW
2.67 Madrid, Spain
[16]
Semi-field
492
Lettuce
2.0
FW
0.67 Madrid, Spain
[16]
Semi-field
492
Radish
1.9
FW
1.58 Madrid, Spain
[16]
Greenhouse
1,629
Lettuce
0.1
FW
NA
Spain
[15]
Azithromycin
Field
302
Bermuda
grass
90.0
FW
NA
Arizona, USA
[17]
Caffeine
Greenhouse
N/M
Tomato fruit 1.0
FW
NA
Almeria, Spain
[18]
Field
1,548
Cabbage
125.0
FW
1.3
Al Hayer, Saudi
Arabia
[11]
Field
17,000
Cabbage
21.0
DW
NA
Jordan Valley,
Jordan
[19]
Field
17,000
Potato
30.0
DW
NA
Jordan Valley,
Jordan
[19]
Lysimeter
1,003
Sweet potato 0.3
FW
NA
Kiryat Gat, Israel [20]
Lysimeter
1,003
Carrot
0.3
FW
NA
Kiryat Gat, Israel [20]
Greenhouse
590
Cucumber
3.7
DW
NA
Rehovot, Israel
[10]
Greenhouse
590
Tomato
0.5
DW
NA
Rehovot, Israel
[10]
Greenhouse
756
Radish
1.2
FW
NA
Spain
[15]
Greenhouse
756
Lettuce
1.3
FW
NA
Spain
[15]
178
L. J. Carter et al.