Uptake and Translocation
of Pharmaceuticals in Plants: Principles
and Data Analysis
Yvonne Bigott, David Mamdouh Khalaf, Peter Schröder, Peter M. Schröder,
and Catarina Cruzeiro
Contents
1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
2 Which Factors Can Influence the Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Plant Roots? . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.1 Compounds Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.2 Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Plant Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.3 Translocation of Pharmaceuticals Within Different Plant Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.4 Role of Biotransformation in the Translocation of Pharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2.5 Vacuolar Transport and Sequestration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3 Experimental Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.1 Data Collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.2 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4 Recommendations and Outcomes from Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.1 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Abstract Pharmaceuticals originating from reclaimed wastewater or biosolid-,
livestock manure- or sewage sludge-amended soils can enter crops by irrigation
and fertilization. Generally, the putative uptake occurs through the plants’ roots and
Y. Bigott, P. Schröder, and C. Cruzeiro (*)
Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München German
Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
e-mail: catarina.cruzeiro@helmholtz-muenchen.de; catarinarcruzeiro@hotmail.com
D. M. Khalaf
Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München German
Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
P. M. Schröder
Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.),
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of
Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem (2021) 103: 103–140, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_622,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 23 September 2020
103
of Pharmaceuticals in Plants: Principles
and Data Analysis
Yvonne Bigott, David Mamdouh Khalaf, Peter Schröder, Peter M. Schröder,
and Catarina Cruzeiro
Contents
1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
2 Which Factors Can Influence the Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Plant Roots? . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.1 Compounds Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.2 Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Plant Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.3 Translocation of Pharmaceuticals Within Different Plant Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.4 Role of Biotransformation in the Translocation of Pharmaceuticals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2.5 Vacuolar Transport and Sequestration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3 Experimental Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.1 Data Collected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.2 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4 Recommendations and Outcomes from Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.1 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Abstract Pharmaceuticals originating from reclaimed wastewater or biosolid-,
livestock manure- or sewage sludge-amended soils can enter crops by irrigation
and fertilization. Generally, the putative uptake occurs through the plants’ roots and
Y. Bigott, P. Schröder, and C. Cruzeiro (*)
Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München German
Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
e-mail: catarina.cruzeiro@helmholtz-muenchen.de; catarinarcruzeiro@hotmail.com
D. M. Khalaf
Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München German
Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
P. M. Schröder
Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Sandra Pérez Solsona, Nicola Montemurro, Serge Chiron, and Damià Barceló (eds.),
Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems: The Impact of
Reclaimed Wastewater, Hdb Env Chem (2021) 103: 103–140, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_622,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 23 September 2020
103