599
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. K. Pant et al. (eds.), Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental
Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65021-6_19
Efficient Homogeneous Catalysts
for Conversion of CO 2 to Fine Chemicals
Rajendran Arunachalam, Eswaran Chinnaraja, and Palani S. Subramanian
Abstract Fossil fuel combustion is often considered as one of the major threats to
the environment, because of the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) release in the atmosphere.
Such an accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere leads to drastic climate change in
the environment. The control in the discharge of CO 2 into the atmosphere and the
effective utilization of CO 2 are great global challenges behind us. The recent
research works show there are reasonable technologies developed on the CO 2 capture, and utilization leaves us to relieve little. The recent progresses in the organometallic chemistry and catalysis afford the effective chemical transformation of CO 2
and its incorporation into synthetic organic molecules under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic conversion of CO 2 into small and beneficial molecules such as
carbonates, methylamines, methanol, formic acid, etc., by molecular catalysts, is an
interesting topic that has significantly developed in recent years. The aim of this
chapter is to reveal the recent advancement in the CO 2 capture and its utilization in
the synthesis of commodity chemicals. In addition, this also converses various
homogenous metal complexes, catalyzed fine chemicals synthesis, and their
challenges.
Keywords Carbon dioxide · Trapping technologies · Homogenous catalysis · Fine
chemicals · Energy materials
1 Introduction
The CO 2 is the most essential gas molecule required for the survival of the living
organism in the environment. The photosynthetic process which involves the conversion of CO 2 to glucose via the chlorophyll is the natural process. The CO 2 intake
and oxygen release during photosynthesis deserve everlasting importance due to its
connectivity on the survival of all living organism in the atmosphere. Due to modern
civilization and industrialization, a huge volume of CO 2 is discharged into the
R. Arunachalam · E. Chinnaraja · P. S. Subramanian (*)
Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals
Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
e-mail: siva@csmcri.res.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. K. Pant et al. (eds.), Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental
Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65021-6_19
Efficient Homogeneous Catalysts
for Conversion of CO 2 to Fine Chemicals
Rajendran Arunachalam, Eswaran Chinnaraja, and Palani S. Subramanian
Abstract Fossil fuel combustion is often considered as one of the major threats to
the environment, because of the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) release in the atmosphere.
Such an accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere leads to drastic climate change in
the environment. The control in the discharge of CO 2 into the atmosphere and the
effective utilization of CO 2 are great global challenges behind us. The recent
research works show there are reasonable technologies developed on the CO 2 capture, and utilization leaves us to relieve little. The recent progresses in the organometallic chemistry and catalysis afford the effective chemical transformation of CO 2
and its incorporation into synthetic organic molecules under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic conversion of CO 2 into small and beneficial molecules such as
carbonates, methylamines, methanol, formic acid, etc., by molecular catalysts, is an
interesting topic that has significantly developed in recent years. The aim of this
chapter is to reveal the recent advancement in the CO 2 capture and its utilization in
the synthesis of commodity chemicals. In addition, this also converses various
homogenous metal complexes, catalyzed fine chemicals synthesis, and their
challenges.
Keywords Carbon dioxide · Trapping technologies · Homogenous catalysis · Fine
chemicals · Energy materials
1 Introduction
The CO 2 is the most essential gas molecule required for the survival of the living
organism in the environment. The photosynthetic process which involves the conversion of CO 2 to glucose via the chlorophyll is the natural process. The CO 2 intake
and oxygen release during photosynthesis deserve everlasting importance due to its
connectivity on the survival of all living organism in the atmosphere. Due to modern
civilization and industrialization, a huge volume of CO 2 is discharged into the
R. Arunachalam · E. Chinnaraja · P. S. Subramanian (*)
Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals
Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
e-mail: siva@csmcri.res.in