107
31. Sadeghbeigi R (2000). Fluid catalytic cracking handbook: Design, Operation and
Troubleshooting, 2nd edn Butterworth Heinemann: pp 28–37
32. Surinder P (2003) Refining processes handbook. Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford, p 114
33. Ancheyta JJ (2016), Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts: Fundamentals and
Modelling, 1st edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ: pp 207–302
34. Worldwide refinery processing review, (2014) fourth quarter. Hydrocarbon Publishing: pp 2–9
35. Oil & Natural Gas of a multi volume (10 volumes) book, Chapter: Energy Science and
Technology of Volume-3 , Publisher: Studium Press, 2014
36. Froment GF (2001) Modelling of catalyst deactivation. Appl Catal A Gen 117:212
37. Stockwell DM, Wieland WS (2000) Proceedings of the second international symposium on
deactivation and testing of catalysts, 219th ACS National Meeting, Preprints, pp 310–316
38. Bayerlein RA, Tamborski GA, Marshall CL (1990) Proceedings of the symposium on advances
in FCC technology II, ACS Meeting, pp 694–702
39. Cerqueira HS, Caeiro G, Costa L, Ribeiro FR (2008) Deactivation of FCC catalysts. J Mol
Catal A Chem 292:1–13
40. Alsabei R, Nagy ZK, Nassehi V (2008, Prague) Process simulators based control design for
a fluid catalytic cracking unit. 18th International congress of chemical and process engineering (CHISA)
41. Van Landeghem F, Nevicato D, Pitault I, Forissier M, Turlier P, Derouin C, Bernard JR (1996)
Fluid catalytic cracking: modelling of an industrial riser. Appl Catal 138:381–405
42. Weekman VW Jr, Nace DM (1970) Kinetics of catalytic cracking selectivity in fixed, moving
and fluid bed reactors. AICHE J 16(3):397–404
43. Pitault I, Nevicato D, Forissier M, Bernard JR (1994) Kinetic model on a molecular description for catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil. Chem Eng Sci 49:4249–4262
44. YingXim S (1991) Deactivation by coke in residuum catalytic cracking. In: Bartholomew CH,
Butt JB (eds) Catalysts deactivation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 327–331
45. Voorhies A (1945) Carbon formation in catalytic cracking. Ind Eng Chem 37:318–322
46. Cerqueira HS, Caeiro G, Costa L, Ribeiro FR (2008) Deactivation of FCC catalysts. J Mol
Catal A Chem 292(1–2):1–13
47. Speight JG (2019) Natural gas: a basic handbook, 2nd edn. Gulf Professional Publishing,
pp 219–276
48. Kassel LS (1943), Prevention of afterburning in fluidized catalytic cracking processes,
Universal Oil Products Co, US2436927
49. Plank CJH, Hansford RC (1949), Process for continuous hydrocarbon conversion with a silicaaluminachromium oxide catalyst, ExxonMobil Oil Corp, US2647860
50. Horecky Fahrig CJ, Shields RJ, McKinney CO, Fluid catalytic cracking process with substantially complete combustion of carbon monoxide during regeneration of catalyst Standard Oil
Co. US3909392
51. Schwartz AB (1979), Cracking catalyst ExxonMobil Oil Corp. US4251395
52. Chester AW, Schwartz AB, Stover WA, McWilliams JP (1981) CO combustion promoters: past
and present. ChemTech 11:50–58
53. Yaluris G, Peters AW, Zhao X (1999) Proceedings of the 212th ACS national meeting, Orlando,
FL 41(3): pp 901
54. Dishman KL, Doolin PK, Tullock LD (1998) NOx emissions in fluid catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration. Ind Eng Chem Res 37:4631
55. Wen B, He M, Costello C (2002) Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx, SOx, and CO from
FCC regenerator. Energy Fuel 16:1048
56. Davey SW (1999) Proceedings of the European refining technology conference, Paris
57. Yoo JS, Bhattacharyya AA, Radlowski CA, Karch JA (1988) Catalytic SOx abatement: the
role of magnesium aluminate spinel in the removal of SOx from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)
flue gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 31:1252
58. Yoo JS, Bhattacharyya AA, Radlowski CA, Karch JA (1993) Proc 10th Int Congr Catal
Hungary: pp 1391
59. Fu C, Schaffer AM (1985) Effect of nitrogen compounds on cracking catalysts. Ind Eng Chem
Prod Res Dev 24:68–75
Recent Developments in FCC Process and Catalysts
31. Sadeghbeigi R (2000). Fluid catalytic cracking handbook: Design, Operation and
Troubleshooting, 2nd edn Butterworth Heinemann: pp 28–37
32. Surinder P (2003) Refining processes handbook. Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford, p 114
33. Ancheyta JJ (2016), Deactivation of Heavy Oil Hydroprocessing Catalysts: Fundamentals and
Modelling, 1st edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ: pp 207–302
34. Worldwide refinery processing review, (2014) fourth quarter. Hydrocarbon Publishing: pp 2–9
35. Oil & Natural Gas of a multi volume (10 volumes) book, Chapter: Energy Science and
Technology of Volume-3 , Publisher: Studium Press, 2014
36. Froment GF (2001) Modelling of catalyst deactivation. Appl Catal A Gen 117:212
37. Stockwell DM, Wieland WS (2000) Proceedings of the second international symposium on
deactivation and testing of catalysts, 219th ACS National Meeting, Preprints, pp 310–316
38. Bayerlein RA, Tamborski GA, Marshall CL (1990) Proceedings of the symposium on advances
in FCC technology II, ACS Meeting, pp 694–702
39. Cerqueira HS, Caeiro G, Costa L, Ribeiro FR (2008) Deactivation of FCC catalysts. J Mol
Catal A Chem 292:1–13
40. Alsabei R, Nagy ZK, Nassehi V (2008, Prague) Process simulators based control design for
a fluid catalytic cracking unit. 18th International congress of chemical and process engineering (CHISA)
41. Van Landeghem F, Nevicato D, Pitault I, Forissier M, Turlier P, Derouin C, Bernard JR (1996)
Fluid catalytic cracking: modelling of an industrial riser. Appl Catal 138:381–405
42. Weekman VW Jr, Nace DM (1970) Kinetics of catalytic cracking selectivity in fixed, moving
and fluid bed reactors. AICHE J 16(3):397–404
43. Pitault I, Nevicato D, Forissier M, Bernard JR (1994) Kinetic model on a molecular description for catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil. Chem Eng Sci 49:4249–4262
44. YingXim S (1991) Deactivation by coke in residuum catalytic cracking. In: Bartholomew CH,
Butt JB (eds) Catalysts deactivation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 327–331
45. Voorhies A (1945) Carbon formation in catalytic cracking. Ind Eng Chem 37:318–322
46. Cerqueira HS, Caeiro G, Costa L, Ribeiro FR (2008) Deactivation of FCC catalysts. J Mol
Catal A Chem 292(1–2):1–13
47. Speight JG (2019) Natural gas: a basic handbook, 2nd edn. Gulf Professional Publishing,
pp 219–276
48. Kassel LS (1943), Prevention of afterburning in fluidized catalytic cracking processes,
Universal Oil Products Co, US2436927
49. Plank CJH, Hansford RC (1949), Process for continuous hydrocarbon conversion with a silicaaluminachromium oxide catalyst, ExxonMobil Oil Corp, US2647860
50. Horecky Fahrig CJ, Shields RJ, McKinney CO, Fluid catalytic cracking process with substantially complete combustion of carbon monoxide during regeneration of catalyst Standard Oil
Co. US3909392
51. Schwartz AB (1979), Cracking catalyst ExxonMobil Oil Corp. US4251395
52. Chester AW, Schwartz AB, Stover WA, McWilliams JP (1981) CO combustion promoters: past
and present. ChemTech 11:50–58
53. Yaluris G, Peters AW, Zhao X (1999) Proceedings of the 212th ACS national meeting, Orlando,
FL 41(3): pp 901
54. Dishman KL, Doolin PK, Tullock LD (1998) NOx emissions in fluid catalytic cracking catalyst regeneration. Ind Eng Chem Res 37:4631
55. Wen B, He M, Costello C (2002) Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx, SOx, and CO from
FCC regenerator. Energy Fuel 16:1048
56. Davey SW (1999) Proceedings of the European refining technology conference, Paris
57. Yoo JS, Bhattacharyya AA, Radlowski CA, Karch JA (1988) Catalytic SOx abatement: the
role of magnesium aluminate spinel in the removal of SOx from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)
flue gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 31:1252
58. Yoo JS, Bhattacharyya AA, Radlowski CA, Karch JA (1993) Proc 10th Int Congr Catal
Hungary: pp 1391
59. Fu C, Schaffer AM (1985) Effect of nitrogen compounds on cracking catalysts. Ind Eng Chem
Prod Res Dev 24:68–75
Recent Developments in FCC Process and Catalysts