Indicators and Partial Orders – An Introduction
xv
order (See R. Bruggemann and L. Carlsen, p. 63). A further study along these lines
is reported in a separate chapter (See R. Bruggemann et al., p. 63) focusing on the
possible generation of a weak order from a partially ordered set without the need for
subjectively defining parameters beyond the data matrix.
Indicators for Special Purposes
Two chapters (see N. Pankow et al., p. 105 and G. Al-Sharrah and H.M.S. Lababidi,
p. 119) focus on the selection of indicators for specific purposes. One chapter
focuses on the development, assessment for their applicability and relevance of
indicators for sustainability assessment in the procurement of civil engineering services, whereas a second chapter reports on dependent indicators for environmental
evaluation of desalination plants with a special focus on which types of correlations
between environmental indicators may affect decision-making when it is done by
ranking.
One chapter presents some efficient sampling designs based on partial order sets
and (sampled) linear extensions as a more flexible process than other designs and is
executable with acceptable initial sample size, the new design in general being more
efficient than its rival designs (See B. Panahbehagh and R. Bruggemann, p. 135).
It is often seen that potentially harmful substances are actually in their own
sense beneficial for their specific purposes, but, e.g., harmful to the environment.
As an exemplary case, partial order methodology has been applied for the search
for suitable alternatives to lead split shots (See L. Carlsen, p. 153).
A chapter with elements from both the environmental and social area puts
forward the question: who is paying for our happiness? The well-defined index for
happiness, the World Happiness Index, was used for ranking 157 countries based on
7 indicators, the result being compared to a similar ranking of the countries applying
the Happy Planet Index focusing on the exploitation of our planet’s resources (See
L. Carlsen, p. 205).
Activated carbon is used for many purposes, e.g., for wastewater treatment as
a strong sorbent. It has a long history and has been prepared from a variety of
material using methods involving physical and/or chemical activation. One of the
latest attempts has been based on Miscanthus straw. One chapter is devoted to
a study that compares 21 different methods for obtaining activated carbon from
various materials (See L. Carlsen and K. Abit, p. 165).
Organisms such as bacteria, fungi or algae have the ability to trap and immobilize
Uran, U; however, bioremediation does not reduce widespread U contamination.
One chapter is dedicated to investigating the ability to concentrate U in bioorganisms. Partial order methodology discloses which organisms are the optimal
U trappers (See N.Y. Quintero, p. 181).
xv
order (See R. Bruggemann and L. Carlsen, p. 63). A further study along these lines
is reported in a separate chapter (See R. Bruggemann et al., p. 63) focusing on the
possible generation of a weak order from a partially ordered set without the need for
subjectively defining parameters beyond the data matrix.
Indicators for Special Purposes
Two chapters (see N. Pankow et al., p. 105 and G. Al-Sharrah and H.M.S. Lababidi,
p. 119) focus on the selection of indicators for specific purposes. One chapter
focuses on the development, assessment for their applicability and relevance of
indicators for sustainability assessment in the procurement of civil engineering services, whereas a second chapter reports on dependent indicators for environmental
evaluation of desalination plants with a special focus on which types of correlations
between environmental indicators may affect decision-making when it is done by
ranking.
One chapter presents some efficient sampling designs based on partial order sets
and (sampled) linear extensions as a more flexible process than other designs and is
executable with acceptable initial sample size, the new design in general being more
efficient than its rival designs (See B. Panahbehagh and R. Bruggemann, p. 135).
It is often seen that potentially harmful substances are actually in their own
sense beneficial for their specific purposes, but, e.g., harmful to the environment.
As an exemplary case, partial order methodology has been applied for the search
for suitable alternatives to lead split shots (See L. Carlsen, p. 153).
A chapter with elements from both the environmental and social area puts
forward the question: who is paying for our happiness? The well-defined index for
happiness, the World Happiness Index, was used for ranking 157 countries based on
7 indicators, the result being compared to a similar ranking of the countries applying
the Happy Planet Index focusing on the exploitation of our planet’s resources (See
L. Carlsen, p. 205).
Activated carbon is used for many purposes, e.g., for wastewater treatment as
a strong sorbent. It has a long history and has been prepared from a variety of
material using methods involving physical and/or chemical activation. One of the
latest attempts has been based on Miscanthus straw. One chapter is devoted to
a study that compares 21 different methods for obtaining activated carbon from
various materials (See L. Carlsen and K. Abit, p. 165).
Organisms such as bacteria, fungi or algae have the ability to trap and immobilize
Uran, U; however, bioremediation does not reduce widespread U contamination.
One chapter is dedicated to investigating the ability to concentrate U in bioorganisms. Partial order methodology discloses which organisms are the optimal
U trappers (See N.Y. Quintero, p. 181).