Preface
Corrosion is bothcostlyand dangerous. Billionsofdollars are annually spent
for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery,a nd components,
including metal roofing, condenser tubes, pipelines, and manyother items.
In addition to replacement costs are those associated with maintenance to
prevent corrosion, inspections, and the upkeep of cathodically protected
structures and pipelines. Indirect costs of corrosion result from shutdown,
loss of efficiency,a nd product contamination or loss.
Although the actual replacement costofanitem may not be high, the loss of
production resulting from the need to shutdown an operation to permit the
replacement may amount to hundreds of dollars per hour.W hen at ank or
pipelined evelops al eak, product is lost. If the leak goes undetected for a
period of time, the value of the lost product could be considerable. In addition,
contamination can result from the leaking material, requiring cleanup,a nd
this can be quite expensive. When corrosiontakes place, corrosion products
build up, resulting in reduced flow in pipelines and reduced efficiency of heat
transferi nh eate xchangers.B othc onditionsi ncrease operatingc osts.
Corrosion products may also be detrimental to the quality of the product
beinghandled, making it necessary to discard valuable materials.
Prematuref ailure of bridges or structures because of corrosionc an also
result in human injury or even loss of life. Failures of operating equipment
resulting from corrosioncan have the same disastrous results.
When all of these factors are considered, it becomes obvious why the
potential problem of corrosion should be considered during the early design
stageso fa ny project and why it is necessary to constantly monitor the
integrity of structures, bridges, machinery,a nd equipment to prevent
premature failures.
To cope with the potential problems of corrosion, it is necessary to
understand
1. Mechanisms of corrosion
2. Corrosion resistant properties of various materials
3. Proper fabrication and installation techniques
4. Methods to prevent or control corrosion
5. Corrosion testing techniques
6. Corrosion monitoring techniques
Corrosion is not onlylimited to metalicmaterials but also to all materials
of construction. Consequently,t his handbook covers not onlym etallic
materials but also all materials of construction.
CAT8247—PRELIMS—10/11/2006—21:01—SRIDHAR—XML MODEL B–pp. 1–15
Corrosion is bothcostlyand dangerous. Billionsofdollars are annually spent
for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery,a nd components,
including metal roofing, condenser tubes, pipelines, and manyother items.
In addition to replacement costs are those associated with maintenance to
prevent corrosion, inspections, and the upkeep of cathodically protected
structures and pipelines. Indirect costs of corrosion result from shutdown,
loss of efficiency,a nd product contamination or loss.
Although the actual replacement costofanitem may not be high, the loss of
production resulting from the need to shutdown an operation to permit the
replacement may amount to hundreds of dollars per hour.W hen at ank or
pipelined evelops al eak, product is lost. If the leak goes undetected for a
period of time, the value of the lost product could be considerable. In addition,
contamination can result from the leaking material, requiring cleanup,a nd
this can be quite expensive. When corrosiontakes place, corrosion products
build up, resulting in reduced flow in pipelines and reduced efficiency of heat
transferi nh eate xchangers.B othc onditionsi ncrease operatingc osts.
Corrosion products may also be detrimental to the quality of the product
beinghandled, making it necessary to discard valuable materials.
Prematuref ailure of bridges or structures because of corrosionc an also
result in human injury or even loss of life. Failures of operating equipment
resulting from corrosioncan have the same disastrous results.
When all of these factors are considered, it becomes obvious why the
potential problem of corrosion should be considered during the early design
stageso fa ny project and why it is necessary to constantly monitor the
integrity of structures, bridges, machinery,a nd equipment to prevent
premature failures.
To cope with the potential problems of corrosion, it is necessary to
understand
1. Mechanisms of corrosion
2. Corrosion resistant properties of various materials
3. Proper fabrication and installation techniques
4. Methods to prevent or control corrosion
5. Corrosion testing techniques
6. Corrosion monitoring techniques
Corrosion is not onlylimited to metalicmaterials but also to all materials
of construction. Consequently,t his handbook covers not onlym etallic
materials but also all materials of construction.
CAT8247—PRELIMS—10/11/2006—21:01—SRIDHAR—XML MODEL B–pp. 1–15