2.3 Relationships Among Water Resources …
49
The management of water use consists of the water resources justification system
(water use rationality analysis), the quota management system, the metric charging
system, the water-saving system, the planned water use system (annual water use
plan), and the overcharge system for plan/quota-exceeding use. Of these, the planned
water use system (annual water use plan) plays a central role supported by the others.
The management of discharge focuses on pollutant discharge. Therefore, the
total pollutant discharge volume control system has become a key technical support
system; the management system for discharge outlets into water bodies handles the
administrative aspects.
The management of pollutant discharge into water body depends on the water
resources justification system (discharge analysis), the water function zone system,
and the total pollutant discharge volume control system. It is clear that all of these
systems are concerned with technical reviews, whereas there is no administrative
system to manage water bodies, which are consequently very poorly managed and
fully dependent on the results of other systems (Table 2.1).
2.3.2 Management Responsibility
In China, water resources activities are classified in terms of development, use,
saving, protection, and allocation. The management functions and responsibilities
related to these activities can clearly reflect the relationships among water resources
management systems.
Water resources development is determined by the medium- and long-term water
supply and demand plan system, which establishes the water resources availability for
various future years. If related to groundwater resources, the groundwater resources
plan will be applied.
Water use management consists of the systems for water resources justification,
water abstraction permits, water resources fees, planned water use, metric charging,
and overcharges for plan/quota-exceeding use. These systems manage water use
behaviors through technical reviews and administrative management, employing
both internal incentives and external restrictions.
Water saving is implemented by the quota management system, the water-saving
system, and the overcharge for plan/quota-exceeding use. Based on these measures,
water saving is achieved through plans, quotas, and overcharges in China.
Water resources protection focuses on protecting water sources and controlling
pollutant discharge into waters. The associated management system is composed of
the water resources justification system, the total pollutant discharge volume control
system, the water function zone system, and the management system for discharge
outlets into water bodies.
In the long term, water resources are allocated by the water resources allocation
system and the total water volume control system from a macro-aspect and by the
water resources justification system from a micro-aspect. In the short term, water
resources are regulated by the planned water use system (Table 2.2).
49
The management of water use consists of the water resources justification system
(water use rationality analysis), the quota management system, the metric charging
system, the water-saving system, the planned water use system (annual water use
plan), and the overcharge system for plan/quota-exceeding use. Of these, the planned
water use system (annual water use plan) plays a central role supported by the others.
The management of discharge focuses on pollutant discharge. Therefore, the
total pollutant discharge volume control system has become a key technical support
system; the management system for discharge outlets into water bodies handles the
administrative aspects.
The management of pollutant discharge into water body depends on the water
resources justification system (discharge analysis), the water function zone system,
and the total pollutant discharge volume control system. It is clear that all of these
systems are concerned with technical reviews, whereas there is no administrative
system to manage water bodies, which are consequently very poorly managed and
fully dependent on the results of other systems (Table 2.1).
2.3.2 Management Responsibility
In China, water resources activities are classified in terms of development, use,
saving, protection, and allocation. The management functions and responsibilities
related to these activities can clearly reflect the relationships among water resources
management systems.
Water resources development is determined by the medium- and long-term water
supply and demand plan system, which establishes the water resources availability for
various future years. If related to groundwater resources, the groundwater resources
plan will be applied.
Water use management consists of the systems for water resources justification,
water abstraction permits, water resources fees, planned water use, metric charging,
and overcharges for plan/quota-exceeding use. These systems manage water use
behaviors through technical reviews and administrative management, employing
both internal incentives and external restrictions.
Water saving is implemented by the quota management system, the water-saving
system, and the overcharge for plan/quota-exceeding use. Based on these measures,
water saving is achieved through plans, quotas, and overcharges in China.
Water resources protection focuses on protecting water sources and controlling
pollutant discharge into waters. The associated management system is composed of
the water resources justification system, the total pollutant discharge volume control
system, the water function zone system, and the management system for discharge
outlets into water bodies.
In the long term, water resources are allocated by the water resources allocation
system and the total water volume control system from a macro-aspect and by the
water resources justification system from a micro-aspect. In the short term, water
resources are regulated by the planned water use system (Table 2.2).