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10 Recycled Water Use Management
as a kind of water resource and incorporate into current water resource management
systems. Compared to the 2006 Policy of the Ministry of Construction, it could be
investigated that MWR’s policy was more management oriented while that of the
Ministry of Construction was more construction and operation-focused. At the same
time, there were differences in terms of objectives.
In 2012, the state council requested to encourage and positively develop nontraditional water sources, including recycled water use, to speed up urban wastewater reuse network construction, and increase reuse rate, and it reiterated that nontraditional water use would incorporate in integrated water resources allocations
(State Council 2012). In 2013, Article 37 of the Urban Drainage and Wastewater
Treatment Regulation stipulated that the state encourages urban recycled water use;
sectors including industrial production, urban lawn irrigation, road cleaning, car
washing, construction, and eco-environment shall use recycled water with a priority.
The local governments shall rationally define recycled water use scales and formulate
the guarantee measures to promote use in accordance with local water resources and
water environment circumstances. The recycled water is incorporated into integrated
water resource allocation, and WADs above county level shall strengthen guidance
(State Council 2013).
In 2015, the Water Pollution Control Action Plan is required to strengthen urban
living pollution control. The urban wastewater treatment facility shall be renewed to
meet the discharge standard or recycled request by the end of 2020. The recycled use
facility shall be upgraded with a focus of regions with water shortages and severe
water pollution. The industrial production, urban lawn irrigation, road cleaning, car
washing, construction, and eco-environment shall use recycled water as a priority
(State Council 2015a).
More importantly, the Action Plan requested the mandatory use of recycled water:
steel, thermal power, chemical, pulp and paper, printing, and dyeing projects with
conditional but not full recycled water use will not be allowed to receive approval for
new water abstraction permits. Since 2018, a single building with the construction
area of more than 20,000 m
2 and centralized, newly built affordable housing with
a construction areas of more than 20,000 m
2 in Beijing, 50,000 m
2 in Tianjin, and
100,000 m
2 in Hebei Province shall install recycled water use facilities; and other
buildings are encouraged to install. In 2020, the recycled water use rate shall realize
more than 20% in a water shortage city and 30% in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei
Provinces.
The 2015 Opinions on Fastening Eco-civilisation Construction reiterated to positively use recycled water (State Council 2015b) as well as the 13th Five-Year Action
Plan of Water Resources Total Consumption and Intensity Dual-regulation (MWR
and NDRC 2016).
In 2017, MWR issued the Guidance to Incorporate Non-traditional Water Sources
into Integrated Water Resources Allocation. The document required to allocate recycled water with a priority for industry; water shortage region; groundwater overdraft
areas; and Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Provinces. The water-intensive industry and
environmental water use, as well as urban greening, toilet flushing, road cleaning,
construction, and firefight, shall be allocated recycled use with priority (MWR 2017).
10 Recycled Water Use Management
as a kind of water resource and incorporate into current water resource management
systems. Compared to the 2006 Policy of the Ministry of Construction, it could be
investigated that MWR’s policy was more management oriented while that of the
Ministry of Construction was more construction and operation-focused. At the same
time, there were differences in terms of objectives.
In 2012, the state council requested to encourage and positively develop nontraditional water sources, including recycled water use, to speed up urban wastewater reuse network construction, and increase reuse rate, and it reiterated that nontraditional water use would incorporate in integrated water resources allocations
(State Council 2012). In 2013, Article 37 of the Urban Drainage and Wastewater
Treatment Regulation stipulated that the state encourages urban recycled water use;
sectors including industrial production, urban lawn irrigation, road cleaning, car
washing, construction, and eco-environment shall use recycled water with a priority.
The local governments shall rationally define recycled water use scales and formulate
the guarantee measures to promote use in accordance with local water resources and
water environment circumstances. The recycled water is incorporated into integrated
water resource allocation, and WADs above county level shall strengthen guidance
(State Council 2013).
In 2015, the Water Pollution Control Action Plan is required to strengthen urban
living pollution control. The urban wastewater treatment facility shall be renewed to
meet the discharge standard or recycled request by the end of 2020. The recycled use
facility shall be upgraded with a focus of regions with water shortages and severe
water pollution. The industrial production, urban lawn irrigation, road cleaning, car
washing, construction, and eco-environment shall use recycled water as a priority
(State Council 2015a).
More importantly, the Action Plan requested the mandatory use of recycled water:
steel, thermal power, chemical, pulp and paper, printing, and dyeing projects with
conditional but not full recycled water use will not be allowed to receive approval for
new water abstraction permits. Since 2018, a single building with the construction
area of more than 20,000 m
2 and centralized, newly built affordable housing with
a construction areas of more than 20,000 m
2 in Beijing, 50,000 m
2 in Tianjin, and
100,000 m
2 in Hebei Province shall install recycled water use facilities; and other
buildings are encouraged to install. In 2020, the recycled water use rate shall realize
more than 20% in a water shortage city and 30% in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei
Provinces.
The 2015 Opinions on Fastening Eco-civilisation Construction reiterated to positively use recycled water (State Council 2015b) as well as the 13th Five-Year Action
Plan of Water Resources Total Consumption and Intensity Dual-regulation (MWR
and NDRC 2016).
In 2017, MWR issued the Guidance to Incorporate Non-traditional Water Sources
into Integrated Water Resources Allocation. The document required to allocate recycled water with a priority for industry; water shortage region; groundwater overdraft
areas; and Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Provinces. The water-intensive industry and
environmental water use, as well as urban greening, toilet flushing, road cleaning,
construction, and firefight, shall be allocated recycled use with priority (MWR 2017).