261
from an industry in Bhopal in December 1984 affected health of about 67% of
the city.
7.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Risk varies from country to country. Within the country, the risk varies from business to business. Within a business, risk varies from organisation to organisation.
Within an organization, risk varies from section to section. Within a section, risk
varies from position to position.
The food processing industry itself provides huge risk for environment and safety
of workers. Studies show that beef slaughtering and production has significant
impact on occupational health and the environment. Salmonella and Clostridium
perfringens contribute 51% and 28%, respectively, to the beef foodborne disability
adjusted life year (DALY). Global warming and fine particulate matter formation
are drivers for environmental DALY, accounting 62% and 28%, respectively (Li
et al. 2019).
Common possible risks in some of the workplaces are given in Table 7.1
(Fig. 7.4). Examples of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment are given in
Table 7.2. Risks at a workplace alone are responsible for 1.7% of DALYs globally.
There is evidence from the developed nations to link depression as well as coronary
heart disease due to work-related stress (Commission on Social Determinants of
Health 2008; Tennant 2001).
Unsafe healthcare injections are responsible for more deaths than colon and rectum cancer in middle- and low-income nations. Workplace noise exposure accounts
nearly 16% of onset of hearing loss in adult (WHO 2009a). People encounter many
hazards at work resulting in injuries, hearing loss, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, respiratory disorders, reproductive disorders, neurological disorders, skin disorders besides mental disorders.
Over 350,000 workers die each year because of unintentional workplace injuries.
Over 90% of occupational injury burden happens to men. Over half of the worldwide burden occurs in Western Pacific and South-East Asia regions (WHO 2009a).
Workplace exposure to particles can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asbestosis, silicosis, besides pneumoconiosis. Many of the carcinogens are found in the workplace, leading to about 8% of lung cancer cases in the
world. Occupational exposure to particulates will cause about 12% of losses of life
because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease besides about 29,000 mortality
due to asbestosis, silicosis, and pneumoconiosis (WHO 2009a).
Occupation health is also linked to low back pain due to carrying heavy loads and
lifting, frequent bending, demanding physical work, awkward postures as well as
twisting. Nearly 37% of back pain is linked to occupational health (WHO 2009a).
Healthcare activity is not spared by occupational risk. About one in 10 patients is
harmed in developing country while receiving hospital care. The danger of
healthcare- linked infection in some of the developing nations is up to 20 times
7.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
from an industry in Bhopal in December 1984 affected health of about 67% of
the city.
7.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Risk varies from country to country. Within the country, the risk varies from business to business. Within a business, risk varies from organisation to organisation.
Within an organization, risk varies from section to section. Within a section, risk
varies from position to position.
The food processing industry itself provides huge risk for environment and safety
of workers. Studies show that beef slaughtering and production has significant
impact on occupational health and the environment. Salmonella and Clostridium
perfringens contribute 51% and 28%, respectively, to the beef foodborne disability
adjusted life year (DALY). Global warming and fine particulate matter formation
are drivers for environmental DALY, accounting 62% and 28%, respectively (Li
et al. 2019).
Common possible risks in some of the workplaces are given in Table 7.1
(Fig. 7.4). Examples of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment are given in
Table 7.2. Risks at a workplace alone are responsible for 1.7% of DALYs globally.
There is evidence from the developed nations to link depression as well as coronary
heart disease due to work-related stress (Commission on Social Determinants of
Health 2008; Tennant 2001).
Unsafe healthcare injections are responsible for more deaths than colon and rectum cancer in middle- and low-income nations. Workplace noise exposure accounts
nearly 16% of onset of hearing loss in adult (WHO 2009a). People encounter many
hazards at work resulting in injuries, hearing loss, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, respiratory disorders, reproductive disorders, neurological disorders, skin disorders besides mental disorders.
Over 350,000 workers die each year because of unintentional workplace injuries.
Over 90% of occupational injury burden happens to men. Over half of the worldwide burden occurs in Western Pacific and South-East Asia regions (WHO 2009a).
Workplace exposure to particles can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asbestosis, silicosis, besides pneumoconiosis. Many of the carcinogens are found in the workplace, leading to about 8% of lung cancer cases in the
world. Occupational exposure to particulates will cause about 12% of losses of life
because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease besides about 29,000 mortality
due to asbestosis, silicosis, and pneumoconiosis (WHO 2009a).
Occupation health is also linked to low back pain due to carrying heavy loads and
lifting, frequent bending, demanding physical work, awkward postures as well as
twisting. Nearly 37% of back pain is linked to occupational health (WHO 2009a).
Healthcare activity is not spared by occupational risk. About one in 10 patients is
harmed in developing country while receiving hospital care. The danger of
healthcare- linked infection in some of the developing nations is up to 20 times
7.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment