396
Index
Phosphates, 369
for corrosion control in water
distribution systems, 366
Phosphor bronzes, 116
Phosphorous, in weathering steels, 105
Photo-irradiation, 146
Photochemical degradation, 158, 209
Photochemical fog, 230
Phototrophs, energy source, 51
Physical adsorption, in acid solution,
319
Physical corrosion, in thermoset
polymers, 167
Physical properties, in materials of
construction, 333
Pickling, 221
Pigments, 201–202
for metal protective paints, 203
Pinholing, 204, 207
and pitting corrosion, 179
and premature failure, 181
Pipe wall linings, 367
Pipeline industry, 372
cathodic protection in, 373
coatings used, 372–373
internal corrosion issues, 374
Piping systems, design considerations,
354–355
Pit formation, 42
Pitting corrosion, 41–43, 77, 219, 324, 375
in aluminum alloys, 118
in ceramics, 143
by chloride, in austenitic steels, 124
in chloride atmospheres, 265
due to oxygen on copper, 365
effects of inhibitor anions, 325
in gas industry, 371
maximum pit depth vs. exposure
time, 118
and passivating inhibitors, 314
in petroleum refining, 360
preventive measures, 43–44
in vessel linings, 179
Pitting resistance equivalent numbers
(PREN), 43
Plastic substrate preparation, 225–226
chemical treatment, 227–228
detergent cleaning, 226–227
mechanical treatments, 227
miscellaneous treatments, 229
solvent cleaning, 226
Plastics. See also Polymer corrosion
atmospheric corrosion in, 126–127
non-uniform corrosion rates, 157
role of cure, 130
thermoplastics, 127–129
thermosets, 129–132
Platinum, stability in atmosphere, 5
Platinum-clad electrodes, in impressed
current systems, 303, 304
Plywood, corrosion resistance, 149
Polar solvents, 204
Polarization, 14–15
activation polarization, 15–16
concentration polarization, 17–18
iron in acid, 15
Polarization curves, 257
Polarization measurement, 19, 21
anode polarization measurement, 20
anodic and cathodic polarization
curve, 20
anodic polarization, 21–22
Pollutants, 78, 331, 336
and atmospheric corrosion, 87–89
deposition of, 93–94
in dew, 92
in fog, 82
indoor and outdoor ranges, 101
Polyester, 139, 140
Polyester elastomer, 195
Polyethylene, 128
Polymer concrete, corrosion protection,
140
Polymer corrosion, 157. See also Plastics
by absorption, 163–166
by environmental cracking, 169
and lining thickness, 162
by permeation, 159–163
by radiation, 158–159
swelling, 163
of thermoplasts, 166–167
of thermoset polymers, 167–169
by UV degradation, 158–159
Polymer damage, by UV, 127
Polymer density, and permeation rate,
189
Polymer thickness, effects on
permeation, 162
Index
Phosphates, 369
for corrosion control in water
distribution systems, 366
Phosphor bronzes, 116
Phosphorous, in weathering steels, 105
Photo-irradiation, 146
Photochemical degradation, 158, 209
Photochemical fog, 230
Phototrophs, energy source, 51
Physical adsorption, in acid solution,
319
Physical corrosion, in thermoset
polymers, 167
Physical properties, in materials of
construction, 333
Pickling, 221
Pigments, 201–202
for metal protective paints, 203
Pinholing, 204, 207
and pitting corrosion, 179
and premature failure, 181
Pipe wall linings, 367
Pipeline industry, 372
cathodic protection in, 373
coatings used, 372–373
internal corrosion issues, 374
Piping systems, design considerations,
354–355
Pit formation, 42
Pitting corrosion, 41–43, 77, 219, 324, 375
in aluminum alloys, 118
in ceramics, 143
by chloride, in austenitic steels, 124
in chloride atmospheres, 265
due to oxygen on copper, 365
effects of inhibitor anions, 325
in gas industry, 371
maximum pit depth vs. exposure
time, 118
and passivating inhibitors, 314
in petroleum refining, 360
preventive measures, 43–44
in vessel linings, 179
Pitting resistance equivalent numbers
(PREN), 43
Plastic substrate preparation, 225–226
chemical treatment, 227–228
detergent cleaning, 226–227
mechanical treatments, 227
miscellaneous treatments, 229
solvent cleaning, 226
Plastics. See also Polymer corrosion
atmospheric corrosion in, 126–127
non-uniform corrosion rates, 157
role of cure, 130
thermoplastics, 127–129
thermosets, 129–132
Platinum, stability in atmosphere, 5
Platinum-clad electrodes, in impressed
current systems, 303, 304
Plywood, corrosion resistance, 149
Polar solvents, 204
Polarization, 14–15
activation polarization, 15–16
concentration polarization, 17–18
iron in acid, 15
Polarization curves, 257
Polarization measurement, 19, 21
anode polarization measurement, 20
anodic and cathodic polarization
curve, 20
anodic polarization, 21–22
Pollutants, 78, 331, 336
and atmospheric corrosion, 87–89
deposition of, 93–94
in dew, 92
in fog, 82
indoor and outdoor ranges, 101
Polyester, 139, 140
Polyester elastomer, 195
Polyethylene, 128
Polymer concrete, corrosion protection,
140
Polymer corrosion, 157. See also Plastics
by absorption, 163–166
by environmental cracking, 169
and lining thickness, 162
by permeation, 159–163
by radiation, 158–159
swelling, 163
of thermoplasts, 166–167
of thermoset polymers, 167–169
by UV degradation, 158–159
Polymer damage, by UV, 127
Polymer density, and permeation rate,
189
Polymer thickness, effects on
permeation, 162