Contents
xiii
10.5 Inhibition of Alkaline Solutions ..................................................... 323
10.6 Temporary Protection with Inhibitors ........................................... 323
10.7 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion .................................................. 324
10.8 Summary ............................................................................................ 326
References ..................................................................................................... 326
11 The Equipment Design Process ............................................................... 329
11.1 Understanding the Application ...................................................... 329
11.2 Selecting Materials of Construction ............................................... 332
11.3 Controlling Corrosion by Design ................................................... 335
11.3.1 Protection from Atmospheric Corrosion .......................... 335
11.3.1.1 General Design Considerations.......................... 336
11.3.1.2 Structures .............................................................. 337
11.3.1.3 Electrical Components ......................................... 339
11.3.1.4 Control Rooms ...................................................... 339
11.3.1.5 Protection of Carbon Steel ..................................340
11.3.2 Corrosion under Insulation ................................................342
11.3.2.1 Selecting a Suitable Insulation Material ...........342
11.3.2.2 Design Characteristics of Insulation .................344
11.3.2.3 Comparison of Jacketing .....................................348
11.3.2.4 Design Requirements for Various Services
and Systems ........................................................... 350
11.3.3 Industries and Systems Covered ....................................... 355
11.3.3.1 Chemical Industry ............................................... 356
11.3.3.2 Petroleum Refining Industry .............................. 358
11.3.3.3 Water Treatment and Supply Systems ............... 363
11.3.3.4 Design Features .................................................... 370
11.3.5 Gas Industry ......................................................................... 371
11.3.5.1 Types of Corrosion in Underground Piping .... 371
11.3.5.2 Methods of Control .............................................. 372
11.3.6 Pipeline Industry ................................................................. 372
11.3.6.1 Coatings ................................................................. 372
11.3.6.2 Cathodic Protection ............................................. 373
11.3.6.3 Internal Corrosion ................................................ 374
11.3.7 Marine Industry ................................................................... 374
11.3.7.1 Protection of Condensers and Saltwater
Exchangers ............................................................ 375
11.3.7.2 Use of Aluminum in Marine Service ................ 375
Index ..................................................................................................................... 379