List of formulae
Laws of indices:
a m × a n = a m+n a m
a n = a m−n (a m )
n
= a mn
a m/n =
n
√
a m
a −n =
1
a n
a 0 = 1
Quadratic formula:
If ax 2 + bx + c = 0 then x =
−b ±
√
b 2 − 4ac
2a
Equation of a straight line:
y = mx + c
Definition of a logarithm:
If y = a
x
then x = log a y
Laws of logarithms:
log(A × B) = log A + log B
log
A
B
= log A − log B
log A
n
= n × log A
Exponential series:
e x = 1 + x +
x 2
2!
+
x 3
3!
+ · · · (valid for all values of x)
Theorem of Pythagoras:
b
2
= a
2
+ c
2
A
B
C
a
c
b
Areas of plane figures:
(i) Rectangle Area = l × b
b
l
(ii) Parallelogram Area = b × h
b
h
(iii) Trapezium Area =
1
2
(a + b)h
a
h
b
(iv) Triangle Area =
1
2
× b × h
h
b
Laws of indices:
a m × a n = a m+n a m
a n = a m−n (a m )
n
= a mn
a m/n =
n
√
a m
a −n =
1
a n
a 0 = 1
Quadratic formula:
If ax 2 + bx + c = 0 then x =
−b ±
√
b 2 − 4ac
2a
Equation of a straight line:
y = mx + c
Definition of a logarithm:
If y = a
x
then x = log a y
Laws of logarithms:
log(A × B) = log A + log B
log
A
B
= log A − log B
log A
n
= n × log A
Exponential series:
e x = 1 + x +
x 2
2!
+
x 3
3!
+ · · · (valid for all values of x)
Theorem of Pythagoras:
b
2
= a
2
+ c
2
A
B
C
a
c
b
Areas of plane figures:
(i) Rectangle Area = l × b
b
l
(ii) Parallelogram Area = b × h
b
h
(iii) Trapezium Area =
1
2
(a + b)h
a
h
b
(iv) Triangle Area =
1
2
× b × h
h
b