them individually. Studies of sustainability issues of megacities will not be an
exception. In Chap. 4, Hayashi et al. aim to analyze residential areas of the Jakarta
metropolitan area (JABODETABEK), a megacity. It is critical to consider built
environments for understanding the impact of megacities on the global environment.
We need to customize and adjust any sustainability policies depending on the forms
of residential areas (built environments). In Chap. 5, Fukami examines diverse
historical trajectories of megacities in different parts of the world, considering the
multifaceted nature of the development of urban environments. Methods for understanding the characteristics of the forms of Islamic cities are applied to cities,
including megacities, in other parts of the world. Her analysis shows that different
local ecological zones lead to the generation of different urban forms and that these
cities take different urban forms in their evolutionary trajectories. Together, these
chapters provide solid methodologies with which we can interpret the evolution and
diversity of past and present cities, including megacities. The results of these
chapters are insightful when we consider the long-term sustainability of cities and
megacities at the global level.
Part II discusses some approaches to sustainable megacities. It covers sustainable
management of marine environmental/ecological resources considering the linkage
with megacities, financial investment in local environmental protection or
pro-environmental businesses in megacities, and environmental education and
enlightenment for the sustainability of megacities. In Chap. 6, Uchiyama and
Hayashi discuss the diversity of the urban form, or a set of characteristics associated
with cities, including population density and the complexity of the shapes of city
areas. They provide a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the urban
form and the ecological environment that is brought into urban areas. Based on the
results, the general applicability of the compact-city model to cities in different parts
of the world is critically examined. They consider it crucial to manage the dynamics
of the urban forms in an effective manner in order to make megacities sustainable in
terms of the local and global environments. In Chap. 7, Yagi and Wakita identify the
food preferences of city consumers and discuss the implications for urban–suburban
partnerships for the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystem services, focusing
on seafood products. They mention that people’s seafood consumption patterns do
not always correspond to the natural conditions of maritime resources. Consumers
tend to eat fish species that occupy higher trophic levels within the ocean ecosystem,
like tuna. Their carrying capacity is not as small as that of other fish species that
occupy lower trophic levels. They consider it a possible solution to encourage urban
residents to enjoy cultural benefits, such as recreational values. In Chap. 8, Wolf
argues that infrastructure systems of a sanitary city provide the most basic conditions
necessary for good health for all city residents, such as clean air and water and the
absence of toxins. In fact, some megacities struggle to meet the basic daily needs of
residents, while many others have achieved dependable and affordable basic systems
and services. She mentions that the extent to which a city has achieved the sanitary
city status is directly linked with the health and quality of life of its residents.
Part III presents urban sustainability indicators: the City Sustainability Index
(CSI), the Urban Sustainability Indicators used in Quebec, and the Global Power
10
S. Muramatsu and K. Mori
exception. In Chap. 4, Hayashi et al. aim to analyze residential areas of the Jakarta
metropolitan area (JABODETABEK), a megacity. It is critical to consider built
environments for understanding the impact of megacities on the global environment.
We need to customize and adjust any sustainability policies depending on the forms
of residential areas (built environments). In Chap. 5, Fukami examines diverse
historical trajectories of megacities in different parts of the world, considering the
multifaceted nature of the development of urban environments. Methods for understanding the characteristics of the forms of Islamic cities are applied to cities,
including megacities, in other parts of the world. Her analysis shows that different
local ecological zones lead to the generation of different urban forms and that these
cities take different urban forms in their evolutionary trajectories. Together, these
chapters provide solid methodologies with which we can interpret the evolution and
diversity of past and present cities, including megacities. The results of these
chapters are insightful when we consider the long-term sustainability of cities and
megacities at the global level.
Part II discusses some approaches to sustainable megacities. It covers sustainable
management of marine environmental/ecological resources considering the linkage
with megacities, financial investment in local environmental protection or
pro-environmental businesses in megacities, and environmental education and
enlightenment for the sustainability of megacities. In Chap. 6, Uchiyama and
Hayashi discuss the diversity of the urban form, or a set of characteristics associated
with cities, including population density and the complexity of the shapes of city
areas. They provide a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the urban
form and the ecological environment that is brought into urban areas. Based on the
results, the general applicability of the compact-city model to cities in different parts
of the world is critically examined. They consider it crucial to manage the dynamics
of the urban forms in an effective manner in order to make megacities sustainable in
terms of the local and global environments. In Chap. 7, Yagi and Wakita identify the
food preferences of city consumers and discuss the implications for urban–suburban
partnerships for the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystem services, focusing
on seafood products. They mention that people’s seafood consumption patterns do
not always correspond to the natural conditions of maritime resources. Consumers
tend to eat fish species that occupy higher trophic levels within the ocean ecosystem,
like tuna. Their carrying capacity is not as small as that of other fish species that
occupy lower trophic levels. They consider it a possible solution to encourage urban
residents to enjoy cultural benefits, such as recreational values. In Chap. 8, Wolf
argues that infrastructure systems of a sanitary city provide the most basic conditions
necessary for good health for all city residents, such as clean air and water and the
absence of toxins. In fact, some megacities struggle to meet the basic daily needs of
residents, while many others have achieved dependable and affordable basic systems
and services. She mentions that the extent to which a city has achieved the sanitary
city status is directly linked with the health and quality of life of its residents.
Part III presents urban sustainability indicators: the City Sustainability Index
(CSI), the Urban Sustainability Indicators used in Quebec, and the Global Power
10
S. Muramatsu and K. Mori