154
J. Wang
all of them are of dense population and economic activities.
21 The use of Bohai
Sea attributes to the economic development of the coastal provinces, meanwhile it
also caused a significant deterioration of the marine ecological system of Bohai Sea.
It has been revealed that the tidal amplitudes of Bohai Sea has been experienced
dramatically changes over the past 35 years, with M2 amplitudes changing up to
20 cm in some parts
22 and there is an significant change in the environmental factors
of ichthyoplankton spawning, nursery and feeding ground, which caused the fish
habitat fragmentation in Bohai Sea, due to the marine reclamation.
23
The Yellow Sea is situated to the north of the East China Sea, and there are no
strict boundaries between Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea is a continental
shallow sea with an area of 380,000 km
2 .
24 It is connected to the Sea of Japan by
the Korea Strait in the southeast and borders on the east by the Korea Peninsula. The
East China Sea is a marginal sea of the north Pacific which has both shallow and
deep-water features.
25 It covers an area about 770,000 km
2 with an average depth of
370 m and a maximum depth of 2719 m.
26 The dynamic interactions among water
systems lead to a high biological diversity and productivity in the East China Sea.
27
The South China Sea is located at Southeast Asia, with an area of 648,000 square
nautical miles and an average water depth of 1212 m.
28 It connects the East China
Sea via the Taiwan Strait and surrounded by six States: China, Philippines, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia. Due to the complicated geographic conditions,
disputes over overlapping claims of sovereignty and resources utilizations arise
among these countries. There are abundant natural resources in the South China
Sea. It has been recognized as the most diverse and extensive shallow-water marine
21 X.S. Ding, X.J. Shan, Y.L. Chen, M. Lia, J.J. Lia, X.S. Jin, Variations in fish habitat fragmentation caused by marine reclamation activities in the Bohai coastal region, Ocean and Coastal
Management, Vol. 184, 2020, p. 4.
22 H. E. Pelling, K. Uehara, J. A. M. Green, The impact of rapid coastline changes and sea level rise
on the tides in the Bohai Sea, China, Journal of Geophysical Research: Ocean, Vol. 118, 2013, p. 1.
23 See supra note 21, pp. 1–9.
24 Mark J. Valencia, The Yellow Sea: Transnational Marine Resource Management Issues, Marine
Policy, Vol. 12,1988, 383–385.
25 D.J. Li and D. Daler, Ocean Pollution from Land-based Sources: East China Sea, China, Ambio,
Vol. 33 No. 1–2,Feb. 2004, p. 109.
26 See supra note 14.
27 There are a number of rivers pour into the East China Sea, including the largest river in China-the
Yangtze River, consequently, the nutrient enriched freshwater was input. In addition, the warm and
oligotrophic Kuroshio Current and Taiwan Strait Current also influence the water interactions. See
Nianzhi Jiao, Yao Zhang, Yonghui Zeng et al.,Ecological anomalies in the East China Sea: Impacts
of the Three Gorges Dam? Water Research, Vol. 41, 2007,p. 1287.
28 J.R.V. Prescott, The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World, Methuen London, 1985, p. 209.
J. Wang
all of them are of dense population and economic activities.
21 The use of Bohai
Sea attributes to the economic development of the coastal provinces, meanwhile it
also caused a significant deterioration of the marine ecological system of Bohai Sea.
It has been revealed that the tidal amplitudes of Bohai Sea has been experienced
dramatically changes over the past 35 years, with M2 amplitudes changing up to
20 cm in some parts
22 and there is an significant change in the environmental factors
of ichthyoplankton spawning, nursery and feeding ground, which caused the fish
habitat fragmentation in Bohai Sea, due to the marine reclamation.
23
The Yellow Sea is situated to the north of the East China Sea, and there are no
strict boundaries between Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea is a continental
shallow sea with an area of 380,000 km
2 .
24 It is connected to the Sea of Japan by
the Korea Strait in the southeast and borders on the east by the Korea Peninsula. The
East China Sea is a marginal sea of the north Pacific which has both shallow and
deep-water features.
25 It covers an area about 770,000 km
2 with an average depth of
370 m and a maximum depth of 2719 m.
26 The dynamic interactions among water
systems lead to a high biological diversity and productivity in the East China Sea.
27
The South China Sea is located at Southeast Asia, with an area of 648,000 square
nautical miles and an average water depth of 1212 m.
28 It connects the East China
Sea via the Taiwan Strait and surrounded by six States: China, Philippines, Vietnam,
Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia. Due to the complicated geographic conditions,
disputes over overlapping claims of sovereignty and resources utilizations arise
among these countries. There are abundant natural resources in the South China
Sea. It has been recognized as the most diverse and extensive shallow-water marine
21 X.S. Ding, X.J. Shan, Y.L. Chen, M. Lia, J.J. Lia, X.S. Jin, Variations in fish habitat fragmentation caused by marine reclamation activities in the Bohai coastal region, Ocean and Coastal
Management, Vol. 184, 2020, p. 4.
22 H. E. Pelling, K. Uehara, J. A. M. Green, The impact of rapid coastline changes and sea level rise
on the tides in the Bohai Sea, China, Journal of Geophysical Research: Ocean, Vol. 118, 2013, p. 1.
23 See supra note 21, pp. 1–9.
24 Mark J. Valencia, The Yellow Sea: Transnational Marine Resource Management Issues, Marine
Policy, Vol. 12,1988, 383–385.
25 D.J. Li and D. Daler, Ocean Pollution from Land-based Sources: East China Sea, China, Ambio,
Vol. 33 No. 1–2,Feb. 2004, p. 109.
26 See supra note 14.
27 There are a number of rivers pour into the East China Sea, including the largest river in China-the
Yangtze River, consequently, the nutrient enriched freshwater was input. In addition, the warm and
oligotrophic Kuroshio Current and Taiwan Strait Current also influence the water interactions. See
Nianzhi Jiao, Yao Zhang, Yonghui Zeng et al.,Ecological anomalies in the East China Sea: Impacts
of the Three Gorges Dam? Water Research, Vol. 41, 2007,p. 1287.
28 J.R.V. Prescott, The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World, Methuen London, 1985, p. 209.