110
Instrumental temperature
record begins
Milestones in Climate Science
Fourier
Tyndall
Arrhenius
Callendar
Hulburt
Foote
“Rate of lunar
heat loss measured
Plass
Revelle
and Suess
Manabe and
Wetherald
Warnings by scientific community
to policy makers begin
Keeling
Direct CO
2 measurement
Hansen predicts
further warming:
testifies before
congress
Greenhouse effect
on Venus measured
400
350
300
ppm
1820
1850
1900
1950
2000
Charney
report
Fourier describes
atmosphere’s
contribution to
planetary temperature
Foote observes
variations in heat
trapping effects
of H
2 O nad CO
2
Tyndall describes
CO
2 ’s blocking
of infrared
Arrhenius calculates
warming from
doubling of CO
2
Callendar proposes
that warming is
occurring
4°C
H
2 O
H
2 O
CO
2
H
2 O
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
Hulburt calculates
4°C warming from doubling
of CO
2 with H
2 O feedback,
and refutes Angstrom
CO
2 sources identified.
Models describe Earth systems,
feedbacks, carbon cycle and climate
Manabe and
Wetherald build
first model of
Earth’s entire
climate
Satellite
observation
of enhanced
greenhouse
effect’’’
Water vapor
feedback
described
www.SkepticalScience.com
Source: All events are from Spencer Weart’s
The Discovery of Global Warming
unless noted otherwise:
www.aip.org/history/climate/timeline.htm.
‘Temparature graph, GISS
“Pierehumbert, Principles of Planetary Climate
‘‘‘Nature, 15 March 2001
Fig. 6.2 Timeline of major events in the history of climate science, 1820 to present. From “The History of Climate Science” on Skeptical Science: http://sks.
to/history (Cook et al. 2016). (Used under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International)
6 Addressing Resistance to a Fact-Based Approach
Instrumental temperature
record begins
Milestones in Climate Science
Fourier
Tyndall
Arrhenius
Callendar
Hulburt
Foote
“Rate of lunar
heat loss measured
Plass
Revelle
and Suess
Manabe and
Wetherald
Warnings by scientific community
to policy makers begin
Keeling
Direct CO
2 measurement
Hansen predicts
further warming:
testifies before
congress
Greenhouse effect
on Venus measured
400
350
300
ppm
1820
1850
1900
1950
2000
Charney
report
Fourier describes
atmosphere’s
contribution to
planetary temperature
Foote observes
variations in heat
trapping effects
of H
2 O nad CO
2
Tyndall describes
CO
2 ’s blocking
of infrared
Arrhenius calculates
warming from
doubling of CO
2
Callendar proposes
that warming is
occurring
4°C
H
2 O
H
2 O
CO
2
H
2 O
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
Hulburt calculates
4°C warming from doubling
of CO
2 with H
2 O feedback,
and refutes Angstrom
CO
2 sources identified.
Models describe Earth systems,
feedbacks, carbon cycle and climate
Manabe and
Wetherald build
first model of
Earth’s entire
climate
Satellite
observation
of enhanced
greenhouse
effect’’’
Water vapor
feedback
described
www.SkepticalScience.com
Source: All events are from Spencer Weart’s
The Discovery of Global Warming
unless noted otherwise:
www.aip.org/history/climate/timeline.htm.
‘Temparature graph, GISS
“Pierehumbert, Principles of Planetary Climate
‘‘‘Nature, 15 March 2001
Fig. 6.2 Timeline of major events in the history of climate science, 1820 to present. From “The History of Climate Science” on Skeptical Science: http://sks.
to/history (Cook et al. 2016). (Used under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International)
6 Addressing Resistance to a Fact-Based Approach