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3 Marketplace-Level Domain Ontologies
Fig. 3.5 Section branch fragment of the MMTO (version 1.3.4) and OSMO (version 1.6.8) class
hierarchies; arrows denote subsumption ()
ties of the real product or manufacturing process; properties of a model, which are
determined by simulation, are computational KPIs (mmto:computational_kpi).
The distinction between subjective and objective KPIs is similar to that between
Critical-to-Customer (CTC) and Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) measures [31–33]. The
formulation given above, however, is more closely related to concepts from the
EMMO. Due to the underlying approach to semiotics [15, 16, 23, 24], it is straightforward in the EMMO to categorize signs by the way in which their interpretation
depends on the subjective impression of an interpreter or observer: in particular, the
same distinction between “subjective properties” and “objective properties” is made
in the EMMO; accordingly, the present approach supports a straightforward alignment of the MMTO with the EMMO and the approach to interoperability guided by
the EMMC and implemented within VIMMP.
An instance of the materials modelling translation process, some agreed features of which are codified by the ETG and the EMMC Translation Case Template
(ETCT) [18], is referred to as a Translation Case (TC). According to these specifications, a materials modelling translation project begins with exploring and understanding the Business Case (BC) and the Industrial Case (IC), or multiple relevant
BCs and/or ICs, which characterize socioeconomic objectives and boundary conditions [28]. Universals for BCs (mmto:business_case), ICs (mmto:industrial_case)
and TCs (mmto:translation_case) are defined to be subclasses of (osmo:application_
case), by which they can be dealt with in a similar way as the sections from OSMO;
the class hierarchy of the section branch of the MMTO and OSMO is visualized in
Fig. 3.5. In this way, the MMTO generalizes this approach from MODA to also cover
the translation-related concepts from the ETCT and the ETG [18, 19, 28]. The TC
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