24
K. Ramani et al.
35. Korner, H., Zumft, W.G.: Expression of denitrification enzymes in response to the dissolved
oxygen levels and respiratory substrate in continuous culture of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1670–1676 (1989)
36. Hellinga, C., Schellen, A.A.J.C., Mulder, J.W., et al.: The SHARON process: an innovative
method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water. Water Sci. Technol. 37, 135–
142 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00281-9
37. Hellinga, C., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Heijnen, J.J.: Mathematical and Computer Modelling
of Dynamical Systems: Methods, Tools and Applications in Engineering and Related Sciences
Model Based Design of a Novel Process for Nitrogen Removal from Concentrated Flows,
pp. 37–41 (2010)
38. Mulder, J.W., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Hellinga, C., Van Kempen, R.: Full-scale application
of the SHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering. Water
Sci. Technol. 43, 127–134 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0675
39. Strous, M., Van Gerven, E., Zheng, P., et al.: Ammonium removal from concentrated waste
streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process in different reactor
configurations. Water Res. 31, 1955–1962 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)000
55-9
40. Jetten, M.S.M., Schmid, M., Schmidt, I., et al.: Improved nitrogen removal by application of
new nitrogen-cycle bacteria. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 1, 51–63 (2002). https://doi.org/
10.1023/A:1015191724542
41. Schmidt, I., Sliekers, O., Schmid, M., et al.: New concepts of microbial treatment processes
for the nitrogen removal in wastewater. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27, 481–492 (2003). https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00039-1
42. Van Dongen, U., Jetten, M.S.M., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.: Ammonium rich wastewater.
Growth Lakel 44, 153–160 (2001)
43. Strous, M., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M.: Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 3248–3250 (1999)
44. Van De Graaf, A.A., De Bruijn, P., Robertson, L.A., et al.: Autotrophic growth of anaerobic
ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor. Microbiology 142, 2187–
2196 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-8-2187
45. Strous, M., Heijnen, J.J., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M.: The sequencing batch reactor as a
powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50, 589–596 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051340
46. Koch, G., Egli, K., Van Der Meer, J.R., Siegrist, H.: Mathematical modeling of autotrophic
denitrification in a nitrifying biofilm of a rotating biological contactor. Water Sci. Technol. 41,
191–198 (2000). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0444
47. Third, K.A., Sliekers, A.O., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M.: The CANON system (completely
autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite) under ammonium limitation: Interaction and competition between three groups of bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24, 588–596 (2001). https://doi.
org/10.1078/0723-2020-00077
48. Helmer, C., Tromm, C., Hippen, A., et al.: Single stage biological nitrogen removal by nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in biofilm systems. Water Sci. Technol. 43, 311–320
(2001). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0062
49. Hippen, A., Helmer, C., Kunst, S., et al.: Six years’ practical experience with aerobic/anoxic
deammonification in biofilm systems. Water Sci. Technol. 44, 39–48 (2001). https://doi.org/
10.2166/wst.2001.0751
50. Siegrist, H., Reithaar, S., Koch, G., Lais, P.: Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying rotating contactor
treating ammonium-rich wastewater without organic carbon. Water Sci. Technol. 38, 241–248
(1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00698-2
51. Schmidt, I., Zart, D., Bock, E.: Gaseous NO 2 as a regulator for ammonia oxidation of Nitrosomonas eutropha. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Int. J. Gen. Mol. Microbiol. 79, 311–318 (2001).
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012038314206
52. Kuai, L., Verstraete, W.: Ammonium removal by the oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrificationdenitrification system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 4500–4506 (1998)
K. Ramani et al.
35. Korner, H., Zumft, W.G.: Expression of denitrification enzymes in response to the dissolved
oxygen levels and respiratory substrate in continuous culture of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 55, 1670–1676 (1989)
36. Hellinga, C., Schellen, A.A.J.C., Mulder, J.W., et al.: The SHARON process: an innovative
method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water. Water Sci. Technol. 37, 135–
142 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00281-9
37. Hellinga, C., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Heijnen, J.J.: Mathematical and Computer Modelling
of Dynamical Systems: Methods, Tools and Applications in Engineering and Related Sciences
Model Based Design of a Novel Process for Nitrogen Removal from Concentrated Flows,
pp. 37–41 (2010)
38. Mulder, J.W., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Hellinga, C., Van Kempen, R.: Full-scale application
of the SHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering. Water
Sci. Technol. 43, 127–134 (2001). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0675
39. Strous, M., Van Gerven, E., Zheng, P., et al.: Ammonium removal from concentrated waste
streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process in different reactor
configurations. Water Res. 31, 1955–1962 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)000
55-9
40. Jetten, M.S.M., Schmid, M., Schmidt, I., et al.: Improved nitrogen removal by application of
new nitrogen-cycle bacteria. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 1, 51–63 (2002). https://doi.org/
10.1023/A:1015191724542
41. Schmidt, I., Sliekers, O., Schmid, M., et al.: New concepts of microbial treatment processes
for the nitrogen removal in wastewater. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27, 481–492 (2003). https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00039-1
42. Van Dongen, U., Jetten, M.S.M., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.: Ammonium rich wastewater.
Growth Lakel 44, 153–160 (2001)
43. Strous, M., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M.: Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 3248–3250 (1999)
44. Van De Graaf, A.A., De Bruijn, P., Robertson, L.A., et al.: Autotrophic growth of anaerobic
ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor. Microbiology 142, 2187–
2196 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-8-2187
45. Strous, M., Heijnen, J.J., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M.: The sequencing batch reactor as a
powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50, 589–596 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051340
46. Koch, G., Egli, K., Van Der Meer, J.R., Siegrist, H.: Mathematical modeling of autotrophic
denitrification in a nitrifying biofilm of a rotating biological contactor. Water Sci. Technol. 41,
191–198 (2000). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0444
47. Third, K.A., Sliekers, A.O., Kuenen, J.G., Jetten, M.S.M.: The CANON system (completely
autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite) under ammonium limitation: Interaction and competition between three groups of bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24, 588–596 (2001). https://doi.
org/10.1078/0723-2020-00077
48. Helmer, C., Tromm, C., Hippen, A., et al.: Single stage biological nitrogen removal by nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in biofilm systems. Water Sci. Technol. 43, 311–320
(2001). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0062
49. Hippen, A., Helmer, C., Kunst, S., et al.: Six years’ practical experience with aerobic/anoxic
deammonification in biofilm systems. Water Sci. Technol. 44, 39–48 (2001). https://doi.org/
10.2166/wst.2001.0751
50. Siegrist, H., Reithaar, S., Koch, G., Lais, P.: Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying rotating contactor
treating ammonium-rich wastewater without organic carbon. Water Sci. Technol. 38, 241–248
(1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00698-2
51. Schmidt, I., Zart, D., Bock, E.: Gaseous NO 2 as a regulator for ammonia oxidation of Nitrosomonas eutropha. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Int. J. Gen. Mol. Microbiol. 79, 311–318 (2001).
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012038314206
52. Kuai, L., Verstraete, W.: Ammonium removal by the oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrificationdenitrification system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 4500–4506 (1998)