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Internet of Things (IoT)
5. There is a unique referral model in private eye care institutions linking primaryto tertiary-level eye care, at LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad (Rao et al. 2012).
6. In a Tanzanian study just four neurosurgeons could train paramedics in surgical
procedures (Ellegala et al. 2014).
7. A descriptive study was performed to collect information on the feasibility of substituting hospital care with primary care. This study concluded that it is possible
to substitute hospital care with primary care and one important tool required is
integrated information technology system (Van Hoof et al. 2016).
12.5 EHRs: Challenges and Solution to the Challenges
There exist barriers to adoption of e-health. Not all parents or physicians or paramedical
workers accept the EHR. Following are some of the challenges faced during transition
from conventional methods to electronic health care.
1. Time: Most of the physicians do not take sufficient time to become successful in
EHR (Loomis et al. 2002).
2. Cost: For small- to medium-sized practices without large IT budgets, costs remain
the biggest barrier to adoption (Rao et al. 2011).
3. Absence of computer skill: Lack of coordination between patient care and data entry
by most users (Loomis et al. 2002).
4. Concern about security and privacy: Despite evidence to the contrary, non-users
believe that there are more security and confidentiality risks involved with EHRs
than paper records. Figures 12.18 and 12.19 convey these concerns in a lighter vein.
5. Communication among users: Positive EHR experience has to be shared, and social
networks are very useful (Castillo et al. 2010).
6. Interferes with physician–patient relationship: Figure 12.20 captures this concern.
7. Some physicians reported that they sometimes stop using EHRs because hunting
for menus and buttons disrupts the clinical encounter (Loomis et al. 2002).
8. Lack of incentives: This barrier could be easily corrected through financial rewards
and appreciation for quality improvement (Meinert 2004).
9. Complexity: Physicians should spend sufficient time initially to understand the
complex world of EHRs (ibid).
10. Physical space barriers: Space shortage, as the computers and accessories may take
away large spaces (Ford et al. 2006).
11. Concern about the ability to select an effective EHR system. Physicians wonder
if the software will suit their style of practice (Miller and Sim 2004).
12. Technical support: Particularly during off hours, holidays are a concern for many
physicians (Ford et al. 2006).
13. Interoperability as a determinant factor for adopting these systems: Interoperability
is important because it decreases the cost of EHRs and makes it feasible for an
Internet of Things (IoT)
5. There is a unique referral model in private eye care institutions linking primaryto tertiary-level eye care, at LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad (Rao et al. 2012).
6. In a Tanzanian study just four neurosurgeons could train paramedics in surgical
procedures (Ellegala et al. 2014).
7. A descriptive study was performed to collect information on the feasibility of substituting hospital care with primary care. This study concluded that it is possible
to substitute hospital care with primary care and one important tool required is
integrated information technology system (Van Hoof et al. 2016).
12.5 EHRs: Challenges and Solution to the Challenges
There exist barriers to adoption of e-health. Not all parents or physicians or paramedical
workers accept the EHR. Following are some of the challenges faced during transition
from conventional methods to electronic health care.
1. Time: Most of the physicians do not take sufficient time to become successful in
EHR (Loomis et al. 2002).
2. Cost: For small- to medium-sized practices without large IT budgets, costs remain
the biggest barrier to adoption (Rao et al. 2011).
3. Absence of computer skill: Lack of coordination between patient care and data entry
by most users (Loomis et al. 2002).
4. Concern about security and privacy: Despite evidence to the contrary, non-users
believe that there are more security and confidentiality risks involved with EHRs
than paper records. Figures 12.18 and 12.19 convey these concerns in a lighter vein.
5. Communication among users: Positive EHR experience has to be shared, and social
networks are very useful (Castillo et al. 2010).
6. Interferes with physician–patient relationship: Figure 12.20 captures this concern.
7. Some physicians reported that they sometimes stop using EHRs because hunting
for menus and buttons disrupts the clinical encounter (Loomis et al. 2002).
8. Lack of incentives: This barrier could be easily corrected through financial rewards
and appreciation for quality improvement (Meinert 2004).
9. Complexity: Physicians should spend sufficient time initially to understand the
complex world of EHRs (ibid).
10. Physical space barriers: Space shortage, as the computers and accessories may take
away large spaces (Ford et al. 2006).
11. Concern about the ability to select an effective EHR system. Physicians wonder
if the software will suit their style of practice (Miller and Sim 2004).
12. Technical support: Particularly during off hours, holidays are a concern for many
physicians (Ford et al. 2006).
13. Interoperability as a determinant factor for adopting these systems: Interoperability
is important because it decreases the cost of EHRs and makes it feasible for an