Production of Biodiesel from Organic Wastes
by Bioconversion
Tejaswini Sahoo, Jagannath Panda, Deepak Kumar Senapati,
C. K. Rath, M. Behera, and Rojalin Sahu
Abstract
Biodiesel comes in the category of renewable and
biodegradable fuel. It has shown promising performances
for substituting petroleum. Due to the outbreak of
urbanization and population blast in recent years, there
is enormous increase in the production of waste and also
lack of its appropriate disposal. Municipal solid wastes,
agricultural waste, industries and manufacturing processes generate large amounts of waste materials. The
technologies associated with waste to energy conversion
produce various types of fuel which are further utilized to
meet the needs of energy. Production of synthetic fuels
from organic wastes follows four important techniques
like bioconversion, gasification, pyrolysis and hydrogenation. This chapter throws light on waste biomass,
different categories of organic waste, utilization of
organic waste for production of value-added products
especially biofuels. Moreover, bioconversion of various
types of organic waste into biodiesel guided by microorganisms, algae, insects, etc. are also discussed in this
chapter.
Keywords
Bioconversion Á Biodiesel Á Organic waste Á
Microorganisms Á Insects Á Biomass
1 Introduction
Due to different types of human activities, there is production of waste materials which causes danger in utilization of
natural resources like natural scenery, soil, water and air
sustainably (Basnet 1993). Waste refers to something which
is unwanted and useless and in general the waste materials
produced are in solid form. Fortunately, large amounts of
these waste materials are reusable and hence act as a vital
source for energy generation or industrial production (Hauser et al. 2001). The technology of converting waste into
energy involves conversion of waste materials into diverse
forms of fuels which can be utilized for meeting the energy
demand (Demirbas et al. 2011; Demirbas and Balat 2010).
Every year, around the world, nearly a hundred million tons
of waste are processed in approximately 800 wastes to
energy facilities (Michaels and 2007). More advanced waste
to energy conversion technologies helps in the production of
pure hydrogen, biodiesel and ethanol (liquid biofuels),
hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas), carbon dioxide
and methane (biogas) as well as electricity, which can be
generated from these fuels. The techniques involved in waste
to energy conversion include biological, thermal and physical methods. The organic waste, which has potential in the
production of fuel, includes animal wastes, short rotation
herbaceous crops, agricultural waste, short-rotation woody
crops, wood and more. In this context, biomass could be
identified as potentially large and one of the best options for
insuring a supply of fuel and meeting these demands in the
future. Both for developed countries and developing nations,
biomass has been reported to be a promising source of
renewable energy (Aluya 2014; Balat 2009). In developing
countries, it fulfils nearly thirty-five percent of consumption
of primary energy (Demirbas et al. 2009; Balat et al. 2009).
Utilization of biofuels is substantially beneficial for the
environment and absorbs, during its growth, carbon dioxide
and releases it at the time of combustion. Hence, biomass
assists in recycling of atmospheric carbon dioxide and has
T. Sahoo Á J. Panda Á D. K. Senapati Á C. K. Rath Á M. Behera Á
R. Sahu (&)
School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024,
India
e-mail: rsahufch@kiit.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin and A. Khan (eds.), Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products, Advances in Science,
Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61837-7_24
385
by Bioconversion
Tejaswini Sahoo, Jagannath Panda, Deepak Kumar Senapati,
C. K. Rath, M. Behera, and Rojalin Sahu
Abstract
Biodiesel comes in the category of renewable and
biodegradable fuel. It has shown promising performances
for substituting petroleum. Due to the outbreak of
urbanization and population blast in recent years, there
is enormous increase in the production of waste and also
lack of its appropriate disposal. Municipal solid wastes,
agricultural waste, industries and manufacturing processes generate large amounts of waste materials. The
technologies associated with waste to energy conversion
produce various types of fuel which are further utilized to
meet the needs of energy. Production of synthetic fuels
from organic wastes follows four important techniques
like bioconversion, gasification, pyrolysis and hydrogenation. This chapter throws light on waste biomass,
different categories of organic waste, utilization of
organic waste for production of value-added products
especially biofuels. Moreover, bioconversion of various
types of organic waste into biodiesel guided by microorganisms, algae, insects, etc. are also discussed in this
chapter.
Keywords
Bioconversion Á Biodiesel Á Organic waste Á
Microorganisms Á Insects Á Biomass
1 Introduction
Due to different types of human activities, there is production of waste materials which causes danger in utilization of
natural resources like natural scenery, soil, water and air
sustainably (Basnet 1993). Waste refers to something which
is unwanted and useless and in general the waste materials
produced are in solid form. Fortunately, large amounts of
these waste materials are reusable and hence act as a vital
source for energy generation or industrial production (Hauser et al. 2001). The technology of converting waste into
energy involves conversion of waste materials into diverse
forms of fuels which can be utilized for meeting the energy
demand (Demirbas et al. 2011; Demirbas and Balat 2010).
Every year, around the world, nearly a hundred million tons
of waste are processed in approximately 800 wastes to
energy facilities (Michaels and 2007). More advanced waste
to energy conversion technologies helps in the production of
pure hydrogen, biodiesel and ethanol (liquid biofuels),
hydrogen and carbon monoxide (syngas), carbon dioxide
and methane (biogas) as well as electricity, which can be
generated from these fuels. The techniques involved in waste
to energy conversion include biological, thermal and physical methods. The organic waste, which has potential in the
production of fuel, includes animal wastes, short rotation
herbaceous crops, agricultural waste, short-rotation woody
crops, wood and more. In this context, biomass could be
identified as potentially large and one of the best options for
insuring a supply of fuel and meeting these demands in the
future. Both for developed countries and developing nations,
biomass has been reported to be a promising source of
renewable energy (Aluya 2014; Balat 2009). In developing
countries, it fulfils nearly thirty-five percent of consumption
of primary energy (Demirbas et al. 2009; Balat et al. 2009).
Utilization of biofuels is substantially beneficial for the
environment and absorbs, during its growth, carbon dioxide
and releases it at the time of combustion. Hence, biomass
assists in recycling of atmospheric carbon dioxide and has
T. Sahoo Á J. Panda Á D. K. Senapati Á C. K. Rath Á M. Behera Á
R. Sahu (&)
School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024,
India
e-mail: rsahufch@kiit.ac.in
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin and A. Khan (eds.), Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products, Advances in Science,
Technology & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61837-7_24
385