Table 1 Lignocellulosic
composition of the different waste
(adopted with modification from
Bilal et al. 2017 with premission
from Elsevier. Copyright © 2017
Elesevier B.V)
Lignocellulosic waste
Cellulose % Hemicellulose % Lignin %
References
Corn cob
45
35
50
Prasad et al. (2007)
Rice husk
28.7–35.6
12.0–29.3
15.4–20.0 Allen et al. (2001), Abbas
and Ansumali (2010)
Rice straw
32.1
24
18
Prasad et al. (2007)
Wheat straw
29–35
26–32
16–21
McKendry (2002)
Coffee pulp
33.7–36.9
44.2–47.5
15.6–19.1 Sanchez (2009)
Sugarcane bagasse
42
25
20
Kim and Day (2011)
Cattle solid manure
1.6–4.7
1.4–3.3
2.7–5.7
Singh et al. (2011)
Wheat bran
10.5–14.8
35.5–39.2
8.3–12.5
Miron et al. (2001)
Barley straw
36–43
24–33
6.3–9.8
Rowell et al. (1992)
Oat straw
31–35
20–26
10–15
Rowell et al. (1992)
Cotton seed hairs
85–95
5–20
0
Singh et al. (2011)
Soft wood
45–50
25–35
25–35
Malherbe and Cloete (2002)
Hard wood
40–55
24–40
18–25
Malherbe and Cloete (2002)
Nut shells
25–30
25–30
30–40
Abbasi and Abbasi (2010)
Grasses
25–40
25–50
10–30
Malherbe and Cloete (2002)
Leaves
15–20
80–85
0
Singh et al. (2011)
Tamarind kernel
10–15
55–65
NA
Menon et al. (2010)
Pine
42–49
13–25
23–29
Pereira (2007)
Winter rye
29–30
22–26
16.1
Petersson et al. (2007)
Eucalyptus
45–51
11–18
29
Pereira (2007)
News paper
40–55
25–40
18–30
Howard et al. (2003)
Agricultural residues
37–50
25–50
5–15
Limayem and Ricke (2012)
Douglas fir
3 5 –48
20–22
15–21
Schell et al. (1999)
Bamboo
49–50
18–20
23
Alves et al. (2010)
Jute fibers
45–53
18–21
21–26
Mosihuzzaman et al. (1989)
Sweet sorghum
45
27
21
Kim and Day (2011)
Cotton straw
42.6
21.3
8.2
Saha and Cotta (2006)
Sorted refuse
60
20
20
Singh et al. (2011)
Corn stover
38
26
19
Zhu et al. (2005)
Poplar
45–51
25–28
10–21
Torget and Teh-An (1994)
Barley hull
34
36
19
Kim et al. (2008)
Banana
13.2
14.8
14
Monsalve et al. (2006)
Sugar beet
5
5.5
NA
Murphy and McCarthy (2005)
Swine waste
6
28
NA
Sun and Cheng (2002)
Sponge ground fibers
66.59
17.44
15.46
Guimarães et al. (2009)
Olive tree biomass
25.2
15.8
19.1
Cara et al. (2008)
Pulp and paper sludge 23.4
8.6
16
Lin et al. (2012)
Bagasse
54.87
16.52
23.33
Guimarães et al. (2009)
Oil seed rape
27.3
20.5
14.2
Petersson et al. (2007)
Winter hyacinth
18.4
49.2
3.55
Singh et al. (2011)
Horticultural waste
34.5
28.6
36
Geng et al. (2012)
Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Waste into Value-Added Compounds
351
composition of the different waste
(adopted with modification from
Bilal et al. 2017 with premission
from Elsevier. Copyright © 2017
Elesevier B.V)
Lignocellulosic waste
Cellulose % Hemicellulose % Lignin %
References
Corn cob
45
35
50
Prasad et al. (2007)
Rice husk
28.7–35.6
12.0–29.3
15.4–20.0 Allen et al. (2001), Abbas
and Ansumali (2010)
Rice straw
32.1
24
18
Prasad et al. (2007)
Wheat straw
29–35
26–32
16–21
McKendry (2002)
Coffee pulp
33.7–36.9
44.2–47.5
15.6–19.1 Sanchez (2009)
Sugarcane bagasse
42
25
20
Kim and Day (2011)
Cattle solid manure
1.6–4.7
1.4–3.3
2.7–5.7
Singh et al. (2011)
Wheat bran
10.5–14.8
35.5–39.2
8.3–12.5
Miron et al. (2001)
Barley straw
36–43
24–33
6.3–9.8
Rowell et al. (1992)
Oat straw
31–35
20–26
10–15
Rowell et al. (1992)
Cotton seed hairs
85–95
5–20
0
Singh et al. (2011)
Soft wood
45–50
25–35
25–35
Malherbe and Cloete (2002)
Hard wood
40–55
24–40
18–25
Malherbe and Cloete (2002)
Nut shells
25–30
25–30
30–40
Abbasi and Abbasi (2010)
Grasses
25–40
25–50
10–30
Malherbe and Cloete (2002)
Leaves
15–20
80–85
0
Singh et al. (2011)
Tamarind kernel
10–15
55–65
NA
Menon et al. (2010)
Pine
42–49
13–25
23–29
Pereira (2007)
Winter rye
29–30
22–26
16.1
Petersson et al. (2007)
Eucalyptus
45–51
11–18
29
Pereira (2007)
News paper
40–55
25–40
18–30
Howard et al. (2003)
Agricultural residues
37–50
25–50
5–15
Limayem and Ricke (2012)
Douglas fir
3 5 –48
20–22
15–21
Schell et al. (1999)
Bamboo
49–50
18–20
23
Alves et al. (2010)
Jute fibers
45–53
18–21
21–26
Mosihuzzaman et al. (1989)
Sweet sorghum
45
27
21
Kim and Day (2011)
Cotton straw
42.6
21.3
8.2
Saha and Cotta (2006)
Sorted refuse
60
20
20
Singh et al. (2011)
Corn stover
38
26
19
Zhu et al. (2005)
Poplar
45–51
25–28
10–21
Torget and Teh-An (1994)
Barley hull
34
36
19
Kim et al. (2008)
Banana
13.2
14.8
14
Monsalve et al. (2006)
Sugar beet
5
5.5
NA
Murphy and McCarthy (2005)
Swine waste
6
28
NA
Sun and Cheng (2002)
Sponge ground fibers
66.59
17.44
15.46
Guimarães et al. (2009)
Olive tree biomass
25.2
15.8
19.1
Cara et al. (2008)
Pulp and paper sludge 23.4
8.6
16
Lin et al. (2012)
Bagasse
54.87
16.52
23.33
Guimarães et al. (2009)
Oil seed rape
27.3
20.5
14.2
Petersson et al. (2007)
Winter hyacinth
18.4
49.2
3.55
Singh et al. (2011)
Horticultural waste
34.5
28.6
36
Geng et al. (2012)
Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Waste into Value-Added Compounds
351